Groups

Question 1

what are group 1 metals also called?

Answer 1

alkaline metals

Question 2

how many electrons do group 1 elements have in their outer shell?

Answer 2

1

Question 3

what are the general trends going down group 1?

Answer 3

reactivity INCREASES going down the group
atomic radius INCREASES going down the group
melting/boiling point DECREASES going down the group
hardness DECREASES going down the group

Question 4

what makes elements more reactive?

Answer 4

a further distance from the attraction of the nucleus

more shielding (when the attraction of the nucleus is blocked by other electrons)

Question 5

what are group 7 elements also known as?

Answer 5

the halogens

Question 6

what are the general trends for group 7 elements going down the group?

Answer 6

reactivity DECREASES as you go down the group

boiling/melting points INCREASE going down the group

Question 7

what do all halogens exist as?

Answer 7

diatomic particles (in pairs)

Question 8

why does reactivity increase going down group 1 but decreases going down group 7?

Answer 8

-in group 1 the elements are trying to lose one electron
-as the number of electron shells that an element has increases going down the group this means there is more distance and shielding
-this makes it much easier to lose an electron

-on the other hand group 7 elements must gain an electron to complete their outer shell
-the atomic radius also increases going down this group so theres more distancing and shielding
-this weakens the attraction from the nucleus so makes it harder to attract an electron

Question 9

why does the boiling/melting point of halogens and noble gases increase going down the group?

Answer 9

-the intermolecular forces between molecules increases as the molecules are getting larger so makes it harder to overcome them

Question 10

what do the halogens fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine look like?

Answer 10

fluorine- is a pale yellow but almost colourless very poisonous and reactive gas

chlorine-is green/ yellow poisonous dense gas reactive

bromine-is a red/brown volatile (turns into a gas easily) and poisonous liquid dense

iodine- is a dark grey solid or a purple vapour

Question 11

what are group 0 elements also called?

Answer 11

noble gases

Question 12

what do all noble gases have in common?

Answer 12

they have a full outer shell making them very unreactive

Question 13

what do all noble gases exist as?

Answer 13

monatomic particles (by themselves)

Question 14

what are the general trends for group 0 as you go down the group?

Answer 14

reactivity stays the same but very low
boiling points increase as you go down the group
density INCREASES going down the group

Question 15

why are noble gases gases at room temperature?

Answer 15

they have weak intermolecular forces that break with little energy

Question 16

why could noble gases not have been discovered earlier?

Answer 16

they are colourless and odourless as well as being unreactive so could not be easily seen

Question 17

why would argon be useless in a party baloon?

Answer 17

its denser than air so it would just fall to the ground

Question 18

what do potassium,lithium, and sodium do when reacting with water?

Answer 18

potassium-ignites and burns with a lilac flame
sodium-floats and melts
lithium- reacts gently

Question 19

why does the boiling/ melting point increase going down the group 7?

Answer 19

the intermolecular forces between molecules increase because the larger molecules get larger

Question 20

what are some properties of noble gases?

Answer 20

they are unreactive
they are non flammable
they are colourless at room temperature

Question 21

why does the boiling point decrease as you go down group 0 (noble gases)?

Answer 21

because more electrons means greater intermolecular forces that take more energy to overcome

Question 22

what are some properties of transition metals (“typical metals”)?

Answer 22

they form more than one ion
they are good catalysts
they form coloured compounds
very hard, dense and shiny
good conductors of electricity and heat?