IOD > GU imaging > Flashcards

GU imaging Flashcards

(17 cards)

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1
Q

3 radiological modalities for renal calculi

A

abdominal xray
CT KUB
US

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2
Q

1st line Ix for renal calculi

A

CT KUB

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3
Q

4 adv of CT KUB for renal calculi

A
  • High sensitivity and specificity for calculi
  • Images the whole urinary tract so can show the number and location of all stones
  • Low dose reduces exposure to ionising radiation
  • Non-contrast so safe in patients with renal impairment
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4
Q

2 limitations of CT KUB for renal calculi

A
  • Reduced sensitivity for other intra-abdominal pathologies

- Certain rare types of renal stone (eg indinavir) are not radio-opaque and therefore not visible on CT

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5
Q

3 commonest sites for calculi to obstruct

A

pelvi-ureteric junction
pelvic brim
vesico-ureteric junction

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6
Q

what is hydronephrosis?

A

Dilatation of the urinary collecting system in the kidney due to obstruction of urinary drainage

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7
Q

6 causes of hydronephrosis

A
  • Urinary tract calculi
  • Urinary tract malignancy
  • Pelvi-ureteric junction stenosis
  • Extrinsic ureteric compression eg due to pelvic malignancy
  • Prostatic enlargement causing bladder outflow obstruction
  • Pregnancy
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8
Q

1st line Ix for hydronephrosis

A

US

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9
Q

2 adv of US for hydronephrosis

A

Fast study which demonstrates hydronephrosis clearly

No ionising radiation

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10
Q

2 disadv of US for hydronephrosis

A

Difficult to visualise ureters so may be unable to determine level and cause of obstruction

If suspecting malignant pathology, CT may be more appropriate to provide more information on extent of disease

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11
Q

1st line Ix for testicular trauma

A

US

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12
Q

1st line Ix for gynaecological emergencies

A

TVUS

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13
Q

3 CIs for TVUS in gynaecological emergencies

A

paediatric patients
virginal status
patient declines

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14
Q

alternative option than TVUS

A

transabdominal scan with full bladder

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15
Q

what is an ovarian torsion

A

Rotation of the ovary on its vascular pedicle, resulting in impairment of the blood supply

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16
Q

2 radiological features of ovarian torsion

Study These Flashcards
A

Ovarian enlargement due to venous/lymphatic engorgement

Reduced vascularity

17
Q

3 imaging modalities for post-menopausal bleeding

IOD
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