1
Q
ੳ
A
ūṛā
(no sound value)
Bearer for the vowels ਉ u, ਊ ū, and ਓ ō
2
Q
ਅ
A
aiṛā (vowel bearer)
mukătā (vowel)
a
[ə]
Bearer of the vowels ਆ ā, ਐ ai, and ਔ au
3
Q
ੲ
A
īṛī
(no sound value)
Bearer of the vowels ਇ i, ਈ ī, and ਏ ē
4
Q
ਸ
A
sassā
sa
[sə]
5
Q
ਹ
A
hāhā
ha
[ɦə]
6
Q
ਕ
A
kakkā
ka
[kə]
7
Q
ਥ
A
khakkhā
kha
[kʰə]
8
Q
ਗ
A
gaggā
ga
[gə]
9
Q
ਘ
A
ghaggā
gha
[kə̀]
10
Q
ਙ
A
ṅaṅṅā
ṅa
[ŋə]
11
Q
ਚ
A
caccā
ca
[t͡ʃə]
12
Q
ਛ
A
chacchā
cha
[t͡ʃʰə]
13
Q
ਜ
A
jajjā
ja
[d͡ʒə]
14
Q
ਝ
A
jhajjā
jha
[t͡ʃə̀]
15
Q
ਞ
A
ñaññā
ña
[ɲə]
16
Q
ਟ
A
ṭaiṅkā
ṭa
[ʈə]
17
Q
ਠ
A
ṭhaṭṭhā
ṭha
[ʈʰə]
18
Q
ਡ
A
ḍaḍḍā
ḍa
[ɖə]
19
Q
ਢ
A
ḍhaḍḍā
ḍha
[ʈə̀]
20
Q
ਣ
A
nāṇā
ṇa
[ɳə]
21
Q
ਤ
A
tattā
ta
[t̪ə]
22
Q
ਥ
A
thattā
tha
[t̪ʰə]
23
Q
ਦ
A
daddā
da
[d̪ə]
24
Q
ਧ
A
dhaddā
dha
[t̪ə̀]
25
ਨ
*nannā*
**na**
[nə]
26
ਪ
*pappā*
**pa**
[pə]
27
ਫ
*phapphā*
**pha**
[pʰə]
28
ਬ
*babbā*
**ba**
[bə]
29
ਭ
*bhabbā*
**bha**
[pə̀]
30
ਯ
*yayyā*
**ya**
[jə]
31
ਰ
*rārā*
**ra**
[ɾə]
32
ਲ
*lallā*
*la*
[lə]
33
ਵ
*vāvā*
**va**
[ʋə~wə]
34
ੜ
*ṛāṛā*
**ṛa**
[ɽə]
35
ਸ਼
*sassē pairĭ bindī*
**śa**
[ʃə]
36
ਖ਼
*khakkhē pairĭ bindī*
*xa*
[xə]
37
ਗ਼
*gaggē pairĭ bindī*
**ġa**
[ɣə]
38
ਜ਼
*jajjē pairĭ bindī*
**za**
[zə]
39
ਫ਼
*phapphē pairĭ bindī*
**fa**
[fə]
40
ਲ਼
*lallē pairĭ bindī*
**ḷa**
[ɭə]
41
◌੍ਰ
*pairī̃ rārā*
**ra**
[ɾə]
42
◌੍ਵ
*pairī̃ vāvā*
**va**
[ʋə]
43
◌੍ਹ
*pairī̃ hāhā*
(tone marker)
44
◌ੵ
*yakaśă* / *pairī̃ yayyā*
**ya**
[jə]
45
ਆ ਾ
*kannā*
**ā**
[aː]~[äː]
46
ਇ ਿ
*siā̀rī*
**i**
[ɪ]
47
ਈ ੀ
*biā̀rī*
**ī**
[iː]
48
ਉ ੁ
*auṅkaṛă*
**u**
[ʊ]
49
ਊ ੂ
*dulaiṅkaṛă*
**ū**
[uː]
50
ਏ ੇ
*lā̃ / lāvā̃*
**ē**
[eː]
51
ਐ ੈ
*dulāvā̃*
ai
[ɛː]~[əi]
52
ਓ ੋ
*hōṛā*
**ō**
[oː]
53
ਔ ੌ
*kanauṛā*
**au**
[ɔː]~[əu]
54
ੱ
*addakă*
(indicates gemination of the following consonant)
55
ੰ
*ṭippī*
- only present on short vowels and the long vowel *dulainkaṛă* (**ū**, ੂ)
- **before a non-nasal consonant other than /ɦ/:** indicates a nasal consonant homorganic to the following consonant
- **before a nasal consonant:** indicates gemination
- **on a word-final vowel or before /ɦ/ :** indicates vowel nasalization
56
ਂ
*bindī*
- only present on long vowels, except *dulainkaṛă* (ū, ੂ)
- **before a non-nasal consonant other than /ɦ/:** indicates a nasal consonant homorganic to the following consonant
- **on a word-final vowel or before /ɦ/:** indicates vowel nasalization
Writing Systems
flashcards
Decks in class (11)
# Cards
-
Kannada Script Letters and Diacritics70
-
Ancient North Arabian32
-
Assyrian Hebrew Script (personal romanization scheme)3
-
Phoenician Abjad22
-
Tamil Script Letters and Diacritics48
-
Sinhala Script Letters and Diacritics24
-
Odia Script Letters and Diacritics63
-
Telugu Script Letters and Diacritics81
-
Yezidi Script48
-
Bopomofo50
-
Gurmukhi Script56
