What are the 3 main joist catogories?
What does ledger mean?
a) boxing joist (rim joist) perimeter joists around the building
b) floor joists are members that span from wall to wall or wall to beam
c) ceiling joists are used in rafter framed roofs
- horizontal board bolted or nailed to the side of a beam, boxing joist, or wall to support joists.
Floors and ceilings will have openings for stair, chimneys, skylight wells.
What are the 3 joist names?
1) trimmer joist, they run parallel with the joists. They support header joists.
2) header joists, they run perpandicular to joists and frame openings. They’re supported by the trimmers and are often doubled. They support the ends of tail joists.
3) tail joists, they are regular floor joists that are shortened by the position of the floor opening.
What are the 3 components that complete a wall?
Walls that only support their own weight are called?
Walls that support a roof, floor, ceiling are called?
- plates, studs, and lintels (headers)
- non load bearing walls
- load bearing walls
Plates are horizontal wood members, what are the 5 plates to do with framing a wall?
1) sill plates, they support floor joists and are anchored to the foundation wall.
2) bottom plates, they are the lowest horizontal member in a framed wall.
3) top plates, are nailed to the top of the studs. Keeps the walls in line, and supports the floor joists.
4) double top plates, nailed on top of the top plate. Interlocks corners and wall intersections.
5) rough sill, horizontal framing member at the bottom of a window.
Studs are vertical members that run between plates or lintels (headers).
What are the names of the 3 studs?
What is used above the window and doors for supporting loads?
1) common stud, runs full length between the top and bottom plate.
2) cripples, studs that are used to support lintels.
3) jack studs, used underneth rough sills or used above lintels.
- lintels are used above windows and doors.
What does a roof truss consist of?
Difference between roof joist and rafter?
What does a gable roof need built with roof joists?
What supports ceiling finish?
- rafters, ceiling joists, and webs. Held together with gusset plates at the joints.
- rafter support the roof load, not ceiling finish. Roof joist carries both roof load and ceiling finish.
- if framing a gable roof with roof joists, a ridge beam is needed.
- ceiling joists support the ceiling finish.
Rafter names for intersecting hip roof
Term ‘tail’ mean?
Term ‘purlins’ mean?
Term ‘cross purlins’ mean?
Term ‘collar ties’ mean?
- portion of the rafter that extends beyond the exterion wall
- structural members that run at right angles to the rafters
- smaller members that are used to provide cross ventilation above roof joists
- horizontal members that connect a pair of opposing rafters and reduce unsupported span
What is pony wall?
What is knee wall?
What is ridge board?
What is ridge beam?
- are short walls, used to support roof loads or floor loads.
- its a type of pony wall that supports the rafters and closes off the attic space.
- highest horizontal member of the roof, top end of roof joists or rafters are attached to it. Isnt used to support the load from rafters.
- supports the load of the rafters or roof joists.
What does bridging mean?
What does blocking mean?
What does girt mean?
What does strapping mean?
- used between floor joists, helps prevent joists from twisting and helps distribute the floor load
- similar to bridging but doesnt help as well as bridging does. Due to shrinkage occuring
- pieces of solid blocking installed between the studs, usually mid height. They stiffen the wall and act a fire stops
- used to prevent joists from twisting, can be spaced apart to support ceiling finishes or some type of roofing
What does wind bracing mean?
What does backing mean?
What does back framing mean?
- used to stiffen walls, the brace is continous at 45 degrees angle to the floor.
- refers to piece of lumber fastened in walls, floors, or ceilings to support finishes, hardware, fixtures, cabinets etc.
- process of placing blocking. Most back framing isnt structural, however it is the blocking that is used to transfer point loads through joists.
What does clear span mean?
What does supported length mean?
What does shear wall mean?
What does braced wall panel mean?
- clear span of a beam, joist, rafter is the clear distance measured on a horizontal plane
- used to determine loads on beams and lintels. Typically uses total span, as opposed to clear span.
- protect against high wind loads and seismic events. Structurally sheathed with plywood or another panel product.
- is a section of exterior or interior wall that is built similar to a shear wall using the requirements found in part 9 of the building code
What is a point load?
2 functions of sheathing?
Where are collar ties used?
A concentrated load, such as a beam or girder truss rests on a wall
1) provides lateral support
2) braces floor, wall, or roof diagonally
In roof framing to reduce the span of rafters
a) gable b) dutch hip c) intersecting gable d) flat e) hip or cottage
f) mansard g) shed h) gambrel i) inverted or butterfly
