H: CVS

Question 1

Layers of blood vessels

Answer 1

• Tunica intima (inner)
• Tunica media (middle): made of elastic tissue + smooth muscle. Elastic tissue allows for stretch + recoil, smooth muscle allows for vasodilation + vasoconstriction.
• Tunica adventitia (outer): has collagen for strenght + protection.

Question 2

Heart wall layers

Answer 2

• Epicardium (tunica adventitia): visceral serous pericardium
• Myocardium (tunica media): cardiac muscle.
• Endocardium (tunica intima): inner lining

Question 3

Cardiac cell structure?

Answer 3

Cells of cardiac muscle are tubular and branching.

Question 4

Role of elastic laminae in connective tissue of tunica media:

Answer 4

• Allows wall of blood vessel to expand + bulge and accommodate blood
• Elastic recoil helps propel blood
• Reduces pressure fluctuations

Question 5

Tunica media

Answer 5

• Mainly smooth muscle –> highly contractile
• Elastic fibres are confined to inner and outer sides of tunica media (Internal + external elastic lamina)

Question 6

Metarterioles

Answer 6

large diameter capillaries with some muscle in wall

Question 7

Precapillary sphincter

Answer 7

at origin of capillary

Question 8

Arterio-venous shunts

Answer 8

pathways go through arteriole to venule.

Question 9

Pericytes

Answer 9

around capillaries and are used for contraction.

Question 10

Types of capillaries

Answer 10

• Continuous endothelium
• Fenestrated endothelium (has pore)
• Discontinuous endothelium (have large holes)

Question 11

Fenestrated capillaries location

Answer 11

found in SI mucosa, endocrine glands, renal glomeruli.

Question 12

Discontinuous capillaries location

Answer 12

found in liver, spleen, bone marrow.
Have discontinuous basement membrane.

Question 13

Veins structure

Answer 13

• Thinner walls: larger lumens than arteries - Tunica adventitia is the thickest layer
• Tunica intima has valves

Question 14

Cause of varicose veins

Answer 14

Backflow from veins can cause varicose veins.

Question 15

Identify
type of tissue + letters

Answer 15

Continuous epithelium (capillary)
E = complete lining of endothelial cells
EC = endothelial cytoplasm
BM = basement membrane
C = collagen fibrils
P = pericyte
BMp = BM of pericyte

Question 16

Identify type of tissue + letters

Answer 16

Fenestrated epithelium (capillary)
EC = endothelial cytoplasm
F = pores

Question 17

Identify (LM of LV wall)

Answer 17

P = Epicardium
M = Myocardium
E = Endocardium
PM = Papillary muscle

Question 18

Identify (elastic artery in aorta)

Answer 18

I = tunica intima
M = tunica media
A = tunica adventitia

Question 19

Identify (LM of epicardium)

Answer 19

Me = flat monolayer of mesothelial cells
F = sheet of fibrocollagenous tissue with elastic fibres
CA = large branch of coronary artery
A = adipose tissue in areas with arteries
M = myocardium with small artery

Question 20

Identify (LM of myocardium)

Answer 20

Question 21

Identify (LM of endocardium)

Answer 21

Question 22

Identify (muscular artery)

Answer 22

Question 23

Identify (musclar artery)

Answer 23

IEL = internal elastic lamina
M = tunica media
EEL = external elastic lamina
A = adventitia

Question 24

Identify (2 arterioles)

Answer 24

M = tunica media
E = endothelial cells

Question 25

Identify (microcirculation)

Answer 25

V = venule C = capillary network Ma = metarterioles S = Arterio-venous shunts At = arteriole

Question 26

Identify (capillary)

Answer 26

E = single layer of flattened endothelial cells P = pericytes

Question 27

Identify (large vein)

Answer 27

Question 28

Identify

Answer 28

Question 29

Identify (medium sized vein)

Answer 29

M = tunica media A = tunica adventitia

Question 30

Identify (vein with valve)

Answer 30

L = leaflet

Question 31

Identify (large muscular vein)

Answer 31

M = tunica media A = tunica adventitia