Mandatories > H&S > Flashcards

H&S Flashcards

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1
Q

How would you define risk?

A

Risk is the potential for someone to be harmed. Increases as the severity, likelihood or number of people affected by the harm increases

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2
Q

What is meant by ‘reasonably practicable’?

A

Whether something is reasonably practicable takes into account the risk versus the cost of mitigating that risk (in terms of time, money or effort).

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3
Q

As a surveyor, how can you influence health and safety in the construction process?

A
  • Comply with health and safety regulations
  • Ensure contractors appointed have a proven health and safety record and suitable methodologies / risk assessments in respect of health and safety.
  • Ensure co-ordination between contractors and sub-contractors
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4
Q

Is there any legislation / guidance you’re aware of in relation to asbestos?

A

Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012 - duties relating to management of asbestos

RICS 4th Ed Guidance Note Asbestos: legal requirements and best practice
HSG265 Asbestos: the survey guide
Approved Code of Practice (2nd ed) Managing & Working with Asbestos

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5
Q

How should asbestos risk be managed?

A
  • Undertaking an asbestos survey & manage during normal use
  • Asbestos survey prior to work commencing on the premises
  • Management plan including training key staff on asbestos-awareness training or how to be safely removed
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6
Q

Where would you typically expect to find asbestos in a building?

A
  • Flues
  • Guttering & drainpipe
  • Asbestos Insulating Board (AIB) in ceiling tiles, walls
  • Adhesive beneath floor tiles
  • Loose fill insulation
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7
Q

What would you do if you were visiting a site?

A
  • I would undertake a desktop risk assessment to identify any potential hazards or risks before attending site,
  • ensure I had suitable PPE,
  • inform my line manager and update my calendar so others were aware of my location,
  • carry a fully charged phone to ensure I could contact others
  • ensure I took a site induction to ensure I was familiar with the project specific safety requirements.
  • Remain vigilant of any risks and alternative methods of surveying should it be deemed unsafe
  • Ensure the site is left secure on leaving and inform occupier / manager who is present that you are leave
  • Review any lessons learnt or notifications of hazards to be made for future visits
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8
Q

What is the hierarchy of control?

A
  • Elimination
  • Substitution e.g. pre-prepared components rather than on-site cutting
  • Engineering controls e.g. local exhaust ventilation
  • Administrative controls e.g. no lone working
  • PPE
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9
Q

What should you do if you discover a health and safety breach on site?

A

-Will vary depending on the situation. May require increased monitoring to ensure standards are maintained. Where blatant disregard:
- Stop the work if it is safe to do so
- Area should be made safe
- Contractor should be removed from site

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10
Q

What site rules may you typically see regarding H&S?

A
  • Segregation of work areas
  • Keeping exit routes clear
  • Noise restrictions
  • Emergency procedures & assembly point notifications
  • Permit control access for works of high risk
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11
Q

What is a risk assessment? Does the RICS provide rules?

A

It is a systematic examination of tasks examining the likely hood that hazards will occur and the impact they will have if they deal. RICS provides guidance, not rules as each situation is different. Should consider common issues such as slips and specific activity related eg. weather
- 6 steps:
o Identify all risks
o Determine who might be harmed by that risk
o Evaluate the risk and decide on precautions
o Record your findings
o Review and update risk assessments as required
o Advise those who may be affected by the outcome

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12
Q

What types of risk may need their own risk assessment?

A
  • Working at height
  • First Aid
  • Asbestos
  • Manual handling
  • Fire safety
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13
Q

What factors should be considered when assessing the risk of a place of work?

A
  • Historical Use
  • Geographical location e.g variations in laws
  • Immediate locality e.g. flood risks
  • Perception & behaviours e.g. those influenced by physical ability, age, culture, language etc
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14
Q

Should near misses be reported?

A

A near miss is characterised by the fact that it is only because of a fortunate break in the chain of events that an injury, fatality or damage has been avoided.
- Yes, they should be reported to the responsible person and be recorded in the accident book

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15
Q

What does CDM stand for?

A

The construction design and management regulations

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16
Q

What are the Client responsibilities under CDM?

A
  • To ensure welfare facilities are provided
  • To ensure the principal designer and principal contractor are appointed and carry out their duty holders
  • To provide the principal designer with pre construction information
  • To ensure minimum health and safety standards are maintained on site
  • To ensure that the construction phase health and safety plan is drawn up by the principal designer
  • Notify HSE when necessary
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17
Q

What are the Principal Designers Responsibilities under CDM?

A
  • To plan, manage, monitor and coordinate the pre-construction phase in respect of health and safety.
  • Prepare pre-construction information on behalf of the client.
  • Work with designers to eliminate or reduce / control foreseeable risks.
  • Liaise with the principal contractor, informing them of any risks that need to be controlled during the construction phase.
  • Notify the HSE if asked to do so by the client.
  • Prepare the H&S file with information from Principle Contractor
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18
Q

What are the Principle Contractors Duties under CDM?

A
  • To plan and manage the construction phase
  • Prepare a construction phase plan
  • Ensure site inductions are held
  • Take reasonable steps To prevent unauthorised access
  • To Ensure welfare facilities and suitable site conditions are provided
  • Provide information for the H&S file to the PD
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19
Q

What are some controlled in hazardous substances that could be used on a construction site and how should you store them?

A
  • Cement
  • Solvents
  • Petrol
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20
Q

Why is a site induction important?

A

It contains important information on escape routes emergency evacuation procedures and any special hazards that you should be aware of

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21
Q

What are the H&S responsibilities of firms?

A

-To have in place framework rules
-Information - Inform members of the rules, policies and procedures and support them in carrying them out
-Consider complying with management standard ISO 45001
-Creating a safe work environment - identifying & management of foreseeable risks
-Safe work equipment
-Safe systems of work
-Training / Selection - Competent staff - particularly for on site
-Responsibility extends to the supply chain - ensuring compliance with other firms H&S and during tender, ensure other businesses comply with H&S rules

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22
Q

How does H&S factor in to contractor procurement?

A

4 requirements:
- Ensure contractors are competent - evaluating professional qualifications, skills & experience
- Membership of a professional body - often these require contractor to complete an assessment
- Insurance - including Employer’s Liability, Public Liability & PII
- References - within the last 12 month

May also see review of past performances, example risk assessments

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23
Q

What are the H&S responsibilities of?

A

It is the individuals responsibility to act within firms rules
Knowing and understanding the risks appropriate to the task
Performance - ensuring competence through training & keeping up to date with relevant information
Awareness - of own abilities & limitations
Teamwork - being an effective member of a team

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24
Q

What insurances cover H&S?

A

Employers liability
Public liability
Pii

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25
When was asbestos banned in Great Britain?
Two types were banned in 1985, with the third type chrysotile being banned in 1999.
26
What types of asbestos are there?
Most common were: - Blue (Crocidolite - most dangerous) - Brown (amosite) - White (chrysotile)
27
Where might asbestos be found in a project lifecycle?
- Demolition - Site & ground investigation - Acquisition - Management - Disposal / sale
28
What are some of the best practice recommendations in the RICS Asbestos Guidance Note?
- All surveyors should have asbestos awareness training in line with Regulation 10 of the control of Asbestos Regulations 2012 - A duty to manage asbestos arises under Reg 4 of Control of Asbestos Regs - The duty to manage can be fulfilled by keeping an asbestos register, assessing the risk and informing anyone liable to disturb - Appendix B sets out how to identify the duty holder and how the duty to manage applies to a different asset types
29
What is a surveyors role in managing asbestos?
Action or inaction contributing to the failure of a duty holder to comply can be claimed against a surveyor. Health & Safety at Work Act 1974 states duty to manage asbestos risk Regulation 7 - Plans of work including RAMS Regulation 10 - training need analysis
30
What is required to be done if removal of asbestos is licensable?
If the asbestos is licensable the local authority or HSE must be notified using an ASB5 form at least 14 days before it is removed by a licensed contractor.
31
Under asbestos regulations, who is the duty holder?
The owner of the non-domestic premises or the person / organisation who has the responsibility of the maintenance & repair of non-domestic properties
32
How must duty holders comply with Asbestos regulations?
- Find out if the property contains asbestos - Asbestos Register - Assess the risk - Make a plan to manage the risk - Asbestos Management Plan - Provide the information to those likely to disturb during work - Asbestos Work
33
What asbestos work categories are there?
- Non- licensed - requires risk assessment, control of exposure, trained workers. Short, non-continuous work - Notifiable non-licensed - +notification before work, medical every 3 years - Licensed - + 14 day notification, medical every 2 years
34
How do you remove asbestos?
Dry strip Wet strip High pressure water jetting
35
What are the types of survey associated with asbestos?
- Management - Refurbishment & demolition
36
What outputs of risk assessment for asbestos are there?
- Asbestos register - identifying locations & condition of ACM's in a building - Asbestos Management Plan - aid's management & prevents exposure - Asbestos Work - - employer to assess if work is low risk (non-licensed) or high risk (licensed)
37
Are you aware of any RICS Guidance Notes on Covid-19?
Covid-19 Guide to Surveying Services - how to work safely in line with gov guidelines Specific guidance on: - Physical inspections for residential properties - Physical inspections for non-residential properties - Reopening of commercial buildings
38
What impact has Covid-19 had on your area of surveying?
Recently found to be significant material cost increases E.g. cost of steel increase per tonne Plastic piping, plasterboard and labour availability has been increasingly scarce Due to significant cost increases the viability of developments has been affected
39
How have you helped client resolve issues associated with Covid-19?
- Looking to secure early order placement of material to negate the risk of further price increases and material availability - Kept clients updated on impending price increases when made aware of this by key suppliers - Through early notification and contingency plans to increase cost certainty
40
What precautions do you take day to day in surveying concerning Covid-19?
Practice inline with RICS Covid-19 guide for Inspections and Visits for non-domestic properties requiring: - Maintaining Social Distancing - Minimising physical contact with building occupiers where possible - Ensuring comply with H&S procedures operated by site team - Securing information from client prior to site visit - Minimise contact with surfaces - Wear face coverings
41
What are the contractual implications for your projects around Covid-19 delays and shut downs?
- Projects utilising JCT Contracts - as a standard from it includes a Force Majeure clause that was called upon - Entitled contractor to an EoT for shut downs required by client to evaluated the H&S standards - Contractors sough L&E for additional preliminary H&S items such as masks and perspex barriers - NEC would have raised a CE event and also for additional prelims costs
42
What is an F10 form?
Used to notify the HSE of a notifiable project. The F10 form contains information such as the site address, a description of the project, the planned start date and planned duration of the works. A copy of the F10 notice must be displayed at the place where the works are being carried out throughout the duration of the works.
43
Who submits the F10 form?
The client or the Principal Designer on their behalf.
44
When is a project notifiable to the HSE?
When a project is expected to last more than 30 days and involve more than 20 workers on site simultaneously at any point, or where it is expected to exceed 500 person days.
45
What different CSCS cards are there?
- Professionally Qualified Person - White, valid for 5 years - Green - labourer, entry level - Red - one year experience, undertaking CSCS recognised qualification. 1 year - Blue - skilled worker, 5 years - Gold - Advanced, supervisor, 5 years - Black - Manager, 5 year
46
How is the Surveying Safely Guidance Note built up?
- General statement - Employers / Employees have a duty of care to those who may be affected by their actions - Safety of Employees - Workplace - Fire & first aid provisions - Hazards & risk Assessment requirements - Visiting sites - During Site Visits - Safety of you and Others - Legal duties
47
How would you limit fire risk once risks have been identified?
- Ensure all fire equipment regularly serviced, maintained & tested - Effective evacuation plan & assurance this is tested - Ensure adequate information readily available to emercengy services on any special risks or hazards - Effectivee training of people responsible for the safety of occupants
48
How should risk of fire be evaluated?
- Review construction type e.g. composition of insulation materials - Any passive fire protection measures incorporated within the building e.g. compartmentation - Use of property - Who could be at risk? What vulnerabilities may they have? Fire loading - what are the combustible materials in a building likely to be - Active fire protection systems - Provision for emergency escapes - Access for emergency responders including access to appropriate supply of water - Any risk of spread to / from adjacent properties
49
What can be done to limit risk of fires in residential properties?
- Ensure continued safety and condition of power circuits, plant & machinery including white goods - Identify & manage sources of sufficient heat adequate to ignite and the proximity to a source of fuel - Minimise risk of arson - undertake fire risk assessments of waste / storage areas - Identify & reduce risks of fires in ducting cable conduits
50
What may cause a risk on construction sites?
- Natural events such as lightning or fire spread from nearby areas - Chemical reactions - Overheating of components next to a source of fuel - Hot works, cutting, welding etc - Manufacturing / fabrication processes where naked frames are necessary
51
How is fire considered under Surveying Safely?
- Risk is divided between risk to people and risk to property - Both need assessment Consider - Safety & evacuation of occupants including those requiring assistance - Important early detection & automatic exstingushers - Effect on business - Means of raising alarm
52
What regulations are you aware of that govern health and safety?
The key legislation governing Health and safety in the UK is the health and Safety at Work Act 1974, requires Employers to carry out risk assessments, provide proper facilities, provide a safe place to work CDM Regulations 2015 Ensure that health and safety issues are properly considered during a project’s development so that the risk of harm to those who have to build, Employers´ Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act 1969 Requirement for £5mil minimum Employers liability insurance Management of H&S at Work Regulations 1999 Requires employers to undertake risk assessments Health, Safety and Welfare Regulations 1992 Provide safe place to work with suitable welfare PPE Work Regulations 1992 Providing appropriate protective clothing and equipment RIDDOR 1995 Reporting H&S incidents including near misses COSHH 2002 Taking precautions when using hazardous materials
53
What regulations are you aware of that govern health and safety?
The key legislation governing Health and safety in the UK is the health and Safety at Work Act 1974, this is the umbrella legislation and it incorporates key act including: CDM Regulations 2015 Ensure that health and safety issues are properly considered during a project’s development so that the risk of harm to those who have to build, Employers´ Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act 1969 Requirement for £5mil minimum Employers liability insurance Management of H&S at Work Regulations 1999 Requires employers to undertake risk assessments Health, Safety and Welfare Regulations 1992 Provide safe place to work with suitable welfare PPE Work Regulations 1992 Providing appropriate protective clothing and equipment RIDDOR 1995 Reporting H&S incidents including near misses COSHH 2002 Taking precautions when using hazardous materials
54
What is the purpose of the health and safety file? What does it contain?
To provide relevant information that will be of help when planning future construction or demolition work on that site. It contains: * A brief description of the work carried out; * Any hazards that have not been eliminated through the design and construction processes i.e. asbestos or contaminated land * Key structural principles(e.g. bracing, sources of substantial stored energy –including pre-or post-tensioned members) and safe working loads for floors and roofs; * Location of significant services, including underground cables; gas supply equipment; fire-fighting services, etc; * As-built drawings
55
What should be included in a Construction Phase Plan?
Key dates - e.g. start, when services will be connected / disconnected Information from client - where services & isolation points are, any asbestos present Site rules communication H&S information communication Identification of the main dangers and how they will be controlled
55
What is the H&S File?
- Sets out when more than one contractor Includes - Brief description of the works carried out - Any hazards that have not been eliminated & how they have been addressed - Key structural principals and safe working loads for floors & roofs - Hazardous materials used - Information regarding removal and dismantling of plant - Nature, location and markings of significant services - Information and as built drawings
56
What are the different types of asbestos survey available?
* Management survey - used to manage Asbestos Containing Materials during normal occupation of the property, ensuring that nobody is harmed by its presence and that it is not accidentally disturbed or damaged. The purpose of a management survey is to locate asbestos ""as far as is reasonably practicable"". * Refurbishment and demolition survey - required when the premises needs refurbishing or demolishing, and involves intrusive / destructive testing. Any areas to be reoccupied after testing must be certified as fit for reoccupation following the survey.
57
What must happen if asbestos removal work is deemed high risk and therefore licensable?
High risk work must only be carried out by a licensed contractor. If work is licensable, it must be notified to the appropriate enforcing authority (typically the HSE) using an ASB5 form at least 14 days before the removal works commence.
58
What is the difference between Licensable and Non-Licensable asbestos?
Dependant on type, time to remove, location, quantity, ease.
59
Can you give me an example of licensable and non-licensable asbestos?
o Maintenance work of asbestos cement products such as tiles / Short Duration works o Asbestos millboard / Long Duration
60
IWhat are the designers responsibilities under CDM?
- Anyone who specifies or alters design incl. QS / principle contractors / clients - Ensure client is aware of duties - Identify, eliminate, reduce or control risks that can't be eliminated - Communicate, cooperate & co-ordinate with other designers on H&S matters
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