haem

Question 1

causes of high neutrophils

Answer 1

• infection
• inflammation
• trauma
• surgery

rarely: due to leukaemia

Question 2

causes of low nuetrophils

Answer 2

• inadequate production by bone marrow
• increased need (+inability of bone marrow to respond sufficiently) .e.g infected neonates
• peripheral destruction (e.g. drug induced immune destruction)
• abnormal pooling e.g. in spleen in hypersplenism

Question 3

causes of high lymphocytes

Answer 3

• viral infection
• leukaemia
• mobilisation as transient acute response to stress e.g. following severe trauma or myocardial infarction

Question 4

thrombocytopaenic thrombotic purpura - features?

Answer 4

FATMAN

Fever
AKI
thrombocytopaemia
MAHA (schistocytes!)
neurological abnormalities due to microemboli

Question 5

TTP pathophysiology?

Answer 5

auto-antibody to vWF cleaving protease (ADAMTS13) -> vWF clump together as do platelets, causing microangiopathy

Question 6

TTP causes?

Answer 6

post-infection e.g. urinary, gastrointestinal
pregnancy
drugs: ciclosporin, oral contraceptive pill, penicillin, clopidogrel, aciclovir
tumours
SLE
HIV