halogenoalkanes

Question 1

what are halogenoalkanes

Answer 1

halogenoalkanes are organic compounds where the hydrogen atom on an alkane has been replaced by a halogen atom

Question 2

What are the inductive effects of alkyl groups?

Answer 2

• Alkyl groups are electron donating groups
• they push electrons towards the carbon that the group is bonded to. Making the alkyl group have a slight positive charge and the carbon it is bonded with to have a slight negative charge. This is called the positive inductive effect

Question 3

What are the relative strengths of carbon-halogen bonds?

Answer 3

As you go down group 7, the carbon-halogen bond strength decreases: c-f > c-cl>c-br>c-I

Question 4

What is the trend in the rate of hydrolysis of carbon-halogen bonds?

Answer 4

As you go down the group, the rate of hydrolysis of carbon-halogen bonds increases as less energy is required to break the bond, since bond strength weakens down the group

Question 5

What are the uses of fluoro alkanes and fluorohalogenoalkanes

Answer 5

-Refrigerants
-Used in aerosols
- used in making foamed plastics
They are chemically inert and will not react with anything

Question 6

chemical test for halogenoalkane

Answer 6

• react with AgNO3(aq) and test the solubility of the precipitate in NH3(aq)
• AgCl- white ppt, soluble in dilute NH3
• AgBr- cream ppt, soluble in concentrated NH3
• AgI-yellow ppt, insoluble in NH3

Question 7

chemical test for carboxylic acid

Answer 7

react with a carbonate. If a carboxylic acid is present, CO2 will be produced and so the solution will effervesce