HAPPINESS

Question 1

refers to the attainment of subjective wellbeing (SWB).

Answer 1

HAPPINESS

Question 2

encompasses how people evaluate their own lives in terms of both affective (how we feel) and cognitive components (what we think) of well-being (Diener et al., 1999)

Answer 2

SUBJECTIVE WELL BEING

Question 3

SWB =

Answer 3

satisfaction with life + high positive affect + low negative affect

Question 3

Diener on the other hand argues that Happiness refers to

Answer 3

discrepancy between the present situation and what is thought to be the ideal or deserved standard

Question 3

He further mentioned that one is satisfied when

Answer 3

there is little or no discrepancy between the present and what is thought to be an ideal or deserved situation.

Question 4

is a result of a substantial discrepancy between present conditions and the ideal standard.

Answer 4

DISSATISFACTION

Question 5

Dissatisfaction can also be a result of

Answer 5

comparing oneself with others (Boniwell & Tunariu, 2019).

Question 6

efers to the emotional side of wellbeing including moods and emotions associated with experiencing momentary events (Diener et al., 1999a).

Answer 6

AFFECT

Question 7

People with higher levels of SWB tend to demonstrate

Answer 7

higher levels of creativity, increased task persistence, multitasking, being systematic, optimism, attending to relevant negative information; longevity, less vulnerability to illness, sociability, trust, helpfulness, and less hostility and less self-centeredness (Boniwell & Tunariu, 2019).

Question 8

Income may influence wellbeing because wealthier nations appear to have…

Answer 8

equality, human rights, democracy, literacy, and people live a longer life.

Question 9

countries with higher income tend to have..

Answer 9

more competitiveness, more materialism and less time for socializing and leisure.

Question 10

Is correlated with happiness in men, not in women

Answer 10

INCOME

Question 11

is related to depression for husbands, not for wives

Answer 11

LOW PERSONAL INCOME

Question 12

is related to depression for single but not married women

Answer 12

LOW INCOME

Question 13

Gallup-Healthways Wellbeing Index poll recently found that people need to spend… HOURS PER DAY IN SOCIAL SETTINGS… and up to… if your job is stressful

Answer 13

six to seven ; nine

Question 14

are greatest predictors and facilitators of SWB.

Answer 14

SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS

Question 15

…has rejected the concept of gross national product (GNP) as the measurement of its country’s success, and introduced..

Answer 15

BHUTAN ; GNH

Question 16

encompasses how people evaluate their own lives in terms of affective and cognitive components (Diener, 2000)

Answer 16

SUBJECTIVE WELL BEING

Question 17

(SWLS)

Answer 17

Satisfaction with Life Scale

Question 18

(PANAS)

Answer 18

Positive and Negative Activation Schedule

Question 19

has been employed in order to reduce memory biases.

Answer 19

Experience Sampling Methods (ESM)

Question 20

The most widely known global wellbeing poll, which boasts data from over 98 percent of the world’s population

Answer 20

Gallup World Poll.

Question 21

Wellbeing Finder instrument concluded that five elements were essential for overall wellbeing:

Answer 21

CAREER, SOCIAL, FINANCIAL, PHYSICAL, COMMUNITY WELLBEING

Question 22

This represents where you spend most of your time during the day,

Answer 22

CAREER WB

Question 23

this represents your relationships and experiences of love,

Answer 23

SOCIAL WB

Question 24

represents how well you can manage your financial situation

Answer 24

FINANCIAL WB

Question 24

represents your ability to have good health and energy

Answer 24

PHYSICAL WB

Question 25

represents your role and participation within the community you live in.

Answer 25

COMMUNITY WB

Question 26

It indicates that there are five ways to wellbeing,

Answer 26

FORESIGHT REPORT

Question 27

FIVE WAYS TO WELLBEING

Answer 27

CONNECT, BE ACTIVE, TAKE NOTICE, KEEP LEARNING, GIVE

Question 27

Following from the exciting research on savouring, this element refers to research that demonstrates that ‘stopping to smell the roses’ actually can enhance our wellbeing.

Answer 27

TAKE NOTICE

Question 27

When we build connections with people around us, we experience higher levels of wellbeing as well as stronger resilience in the face of adversity.

Answer 27

CONNECT

Question 27

By engaging the brain and challenging yourself to keep learning, you can enhance levels of wellbeing.

Answer 27

KEEP LEARNING

Question 27

As discussed in more detail within Chapter 9, an important part of wellbeing is taking care of the body as well as the mind.

Answer 27

BE ACTIVE

Question 28

As seen in results from random acts of kindness research, people experience high levels of wellbeing when they give something or their time to others.

Answer 28

GIVE

Question 29

HIGHEST COUNTRY WB

Answer 29

NORWAY, DENMARK, IRELAND, SWITZERLAND, FINLAND

Question 30

LOWEST COUNTRY WB

Answer 30

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC, BURUNDI, TANZANIA, SYRIA

Question 31

Research indicates that the majority of the happiest countries are situated in the

Answer 31

northern part of the hemisphere where there is not a lot of sun and there is limited light.

Question 32

When people do not see light or sun for long periods of time they can experience

Answer 32

seasonal affective disorder (SAD) or depression from the lack of sunlight.

Question 33

There appears to be a strong genetic influence on an individual’s well-being.

Answer 33

Dynamic Equilibrium Theory

Question 34

The theory states that personality determines baseline levels of emotional responses

Answer 34

Dynamic Equilibrium Theory

Question 35

is the area of biological research that looks at the causal interactions between genes and the environment (Curley and Keverne, 2009: 347).

Answer 35

EPIGENETICS

Question 35

According to Sonja Lyubomirsky the determining factors of happiness is in these proportions

Answer 35

10% caused by environment, 40 % caused by things that you do and 50 % caused by genetics.

Question 36

which posits that happy periods in our life are inevitably followed by negative periods, which cancel each other out, and thus any attempt to increase happiness will be unsuccessful.

Answer 36

ZERO-SUM THEORY

Question 37

is what we feel when we get what we want

Answer 37

NATURAL HAPPINESS

Question 38

s what we make when we don’t get what we want.

Answer 38

SYNTHETIC HAPPINESS

Question 39

With social comparison, we can compare our situation, attractiveness and wealth to others either in an upward or downward spiral.

Answer 39

Relative Standards Model

Question 39

have been linked to increased instances of depression and lowered SWB.

Answer 39

STATUS ANXIETY AND MATERIALISM

Question 40

placing high value on love correlates positively with

Answer 40

LIFE SATISFACTION

Question 41

has now been replaced with the ‘tyranny of freedom’, where more choice isn’t necessarily a good thing (Schwartz, 2000; Schwartz et al., 2002).

Answer 41

FREEDOM OF CHOICE

Question 42

An abundance of choice has led to three leading problems for consumers and citizens of Western societies.

Answer 42

INFORMATION, ERROR, PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS

Question 43

are individuals who are able to choose items that meet their minimum criteria and go for ‘what’s good enough’

Answer 43

SATISFICERS

Question 44

on are individuals who fixate on searching for all the possible options and look for the best possible choice.

Answer 44

MAXIMIZERS

Question 45

Which means that as the choices available to us rise, so do our expectations

Answer 45

Escalation of expectations.

Question 46

he hours that we spend sifting through the multitude of choice takes away from the time spent on more

Answer 46

TIME

Question 46

There are three health categories:

Answer 46

a) the likelihood a person will contract a specific illness; b) how long a person lives after contracting a life threatening illness and c) how long a person’s lifespan is

Question 47

in what awaits us on the ‘other side’.

Answer 47

COMFORTING BELIEFS

Question 48

There may be a lot of factors to consider but researchers proposed that for a religion to enhance wellbeing, there are elements needed (Diener & Biswas-Diener,2008) such as:

Answer 48

Comforting beliefs, Social support,Connecting to something permanent and important, Growing up religiously, Experience of rituals

Question 49

The theory explains that when we are committed to a set of goals, it provides us a sense of personal agency and a sense of structure and meaning to daily life’ (Diener et al., 1999: 284).

Answer 49

GOAL THEORIES

Question 50

IN ACHIEVING OUR GOAL WE TEND TO USE AIM APPROACH.... MEANING

Answer 50

ATTENTION, INTERPRETATION, MEMORY

Question 51

Refers to our tendency to put together a story when all the facts are not yet presented.

Answer 51

ATTENTION

Question 52

Refers to our tendency to put together a story when all the facts are not yet presented

Answer 52

INTERPRETATION

Question 53

There are six main destructive thinking patterns that we tend to default to when interpreting events:

Answer 53

AWFULIZING, DISSTRESS INTOLERANCE, LEARNED HELPLESSNESS, PERFECTIONISM, NEGATIVE SELF-FULFILLING EXPECTANCIES, AND REJECTION GOOGLES

Question 53

Exaggerating a negative event or person beyond what is objectively true.

Answer 53

AWFULIZING

Question 54

A perception that individuals adopt that tells them that they will not be able to recover or withstand potentially traumatic events.

Answer 54

DISTRESS INTOLERANCE

Question 55

this is when people adopt a mentality that they have no control over their negative situations and give up.

Answer 55

LEARNED HELPLESSNESS

Question 56

Individuals who use this tend to fixate on the minute details and only accept excellence.

Answer 56

PERFECTIONISM

Question 57

The phenomenon of eliciting negative responses from others via a person’s previous communications with others.

Answer 57

Negative self-fulfilling expectancies.

Question 58

This is when people identify and fixate on rejection, even when it may not exist in the situation. (Adapted from Diener and Biswas-Diener, 2008)

Answer 58

Rejection goggles

Question 59

Relates to the large body of research showing that recalling and savouring past positive events and experiences leads to enhanced wellbeing.

Answer 59

MEMORY