pedal note
a consistent note played through a section
Discordant
two or more clashing notes played simultaneously
chordal
relating to chord progressions and where the melody develops to
drone
sustained tone of low pitch providing sonorous foundation for melodies at higher pitch
modulation
to change keys temporarily (classical music has closely related key modulations, jazzier pieces have more distant key changes typically)
chromaticism
adds harmonic interest in the melody, typically against a bass note