Hazard Identification

Question 1

Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)

Answer 1

Systematic break jobs and tasks down into their basic components so Hazards associated with each basic component can be identified, inventories, and then controlled

Question 2

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)

Answer 2

Bottom up approach, starting at a low level of the process and working its way up to the effects to the system of subsystems.

Step-by-step approach for identifying all possible failures in design, a manufacturing or assembly process, or a product or service.

FMEA = find how each component can fail and how serious that failure would be.

Question 3

Event Tree Analysis

Answer 3

Top-down, logical modeling technique that considers both success and failure of a system.

Model that identifies and quantities the possible outcomes following an initiating event.

Visual representation of a single failure sequences.

ETA = find consequences of an initiating event.

Question 4

Fault Tree Analysis?

Answer 4

Why did this event happen?
Top down, looking at what happened/ would need to happen to cause something. Uses and or gates to identify the root causes.

FTA = find causes of a bad event.

For highly complex systems where interacting failures are a possibility

Question 5

Physical Demands Analysis (PDA)

Answer 5

Technique used to objectively measure the physical demands associated with a job. Typically used in the RtW process.

Detailed job description outlining factors such as lifting, walking, moving the extremities, and so on. Once the factors are identified, you also look at how many times the actions are completed in a day and what the physical requirements are for the tasks.

Question 6

Time and Physical Demands (TPDA)

Answer 6

Combines biomechanics with time study and is a practical approach to quantitative analysis.
Good at looking at before and after comparisons of a job or task because it can show how reducing the physical demands of a task can also reduce time requirements.

Question 7

Weight of evidence (WOE)

Answer 7

When the evidence suggests the risks are acceptable, even in the face of some conflicting data, the situation is deemed acceptable.

Question 8

As low as reasonable achievable (ALARA)

Answer 8

The risk is not acceptable until until all possible treatments have been applied to reduce it.

This does not consider the economic viability of the risk treatment

Question 9

As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP)

Answer 9

Keeping risk as low as possible considering many factors such as economic, time, resources, etc.

Use cost/benefit analysis to decide whether some risk reducing measures should be implemented.

Question 10

Which hazards analysis method uses observable data to predict events and outcomes within a particular system?

Answer 10

Inductive

Cause -> effect

Inductive hazard analysis methods are bottom-up approaches that identify potential causes and their effects on a system. Common examples include Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), Functional Hazard Analysis (FHA), and Event Tree Analysis (ETA), which examine specific component failures or initiating events to determine their impact on the overall system.

Question 11

Which hazard analysis method starts with a known system failure or undesired event and works backward to determine its possible causes?

Answer 11

Deductive.
E.g. fault tree analysis.

Deductive - focuses how top-level undesired event could result from combinations of low-level failures.

Effect -> cause