Hazards

Question 1

Typhoon Haiyan

Answer 1

• Philippines 2013, 8th November 4:40 am
• category 5: even AC country would suffer
• large storm surge 5-7 m
• P: 90% tacloban destroyed
• P: 6200 people died
• P: 4.1m people made homeless
• P: $12b damage
• S: 8 people die in need for food supplies
• S: oil tank cause 800 000L of oil: contaminated fishing water
• R: 800 000 people evacuated from warning from president
• R: 3 days after the storm air port re opened: emergency aid
• R: $1.5b of foreign aid was pledged

Question 2

Hurricane Katrina

Answer 2

• August 24th 2005
• from category 1 in California to category 5 in Mexico
• winds of 175mph

Impacts:
- 10 years later, New Orleans still recovering: flood protection system failed
- poor government reaction and preparation
- 1800 deaths: 3rd deadliest in US history
- $108b in damage
- storm surge of 6m in height
- 1200 people drowned

Response:
- 6 months later, US army crops of engineers: took blame for levees breaking
- government provided $50b in aid

Question 3

Haiti earthquake 2010

Answer 3

• conservative plate margins: holding tension for 250 years
• earthquake on 12th July 2010: 35km from capital city
• magnitude 7: followed by aftershocks

Impacts:
- 230 000 deaths
- 300 000 injured
- 2m people made homeless with no food or water
- crime increased

Response:
- 2.6m water bottles donated by US
- temporary hospitals built by Red Cross
- 500 troop sent to stop shop looting

Question 4

Japan earthquake

Answer 4

• March 11th 2011
• magnitude 9
• 6 minuet’s: 2:46pm
• after shock of 6/7 magnitude
• triggered 7m rise of sea bed and triggered a 30m high tsunami.

Impacts:

• deaths from tsunami 15,900 and 6023 injured
• 90% drowned
• £181b cost of earthquake
• 4.4m households and businesses lost electricity
• government debt was increased
• nuclear emergency: cooling system failed of nuclear power plants due to earthquake: expolseded: 30km no flight zone.

Response

• Red Cross pledged financial and material support for Japan

Question 5

Mount Pinatubo

Answer 5

• erupted June 15 1991
• 6 on VEI
• destructive plate

Impacts:
- 850 people lost lives
- 100 killed by Lahars
- 650 000 people lost their jobs
- 75000 people evacuated

Question 6

EYJAFJALLAJÖKULL

Answer 6

• composite volcano
• 14th April 2010
• ridge push on mid Atlantic

Impacts

• 500 farmers evacuated
• flights were grounded
• heating of river water: +6°c in 2 hours
• ice sheet melting

Response:
- flights being grounded reduced 2.8m tonnes of carbon