Effusive eruptions
Low viscosity runny Magma occur at divergent boundaries
Explosive eruptions
High viscosity thick magama
Volcanoe type at convergent boundaries
Strato/compositve deep
Volcanoe type at divergent boundaries
Shield, shallow
Earthquake
Sudden release of seismic waves, when a rock snaps under strain
Types of seismic waves
Body waves
-Pwaves
-Swaves
Surface waves
-love waves
-Rayleigh waves
Soil liquidfaction
Ground failure or loss of strength that causes other solid soil to behave temporality as a liquid
Tsunami
A damaging wave produced by earthquakes
Hazards associated with volcanoes
Volcanic ash (ex)
Pyroclastic flows (ex)
Lava flows (ef)
Lava bombs (ef)
Lamar’s
Poisonous gasses
Viscosity
How thick or runny a liquid is
Natural hazard
Naturally occuring phenomena that are a treat to people, property or environment
Geological hazard
Occur from earths geological processes that cause damage and disrupt
Natural disaster
Extreme, sudden events caused by environmental factors
Stratosphere
Second lowest layer of the earths atmosphere,
Mesosphere
Stratosphere
Troposphere
VEI
Volcanic explosively index
Siberian traps
Large region of volcanic rock known as the large igneous province.
Mount pinatuba
The Mount Pinatubo eruption occurred in the Philippines in June 1991 and was one of the largest volcanic eruptions of the 20th century. It ejected over 10 km³ of magma, caused widespread ashfall, and released millions of tonnes of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) into the atmosphere. This led to global cooling of about 0.5°C over the next year. The eruption caused massive evacuations, hundreds of deaths, and long-term climate and environmental effects.
Hunga tonga eruption
The Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption was a massive underwater volcanic eruption that occurred on January 15, 2022 in the Tonga archipelago. It was one of the most powerful eruptions in decades, producing a 15–20 km high ash plume, triggering tsunamis across the Pacific, and creating shockwaves that circled the globe. The eruption disrupted communication, damaged infrastructure, and had major impacts on the atmosphere and climate.
Extreme weather events
Hailstorm
East coast low
Floods
Bushfire
Prediction and prevention of natural disasters
Seismic data
Gas monitoring
GPS
Convergent
Plate boundary where plates move towards each other
Subduction
Process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary
