HAZARDS

Question 1

2 PLATES MOVING APART

Answer 1

• the margin between them is called a constructive or divergent plate margin

Question 2

2 PLATES MOVING TOWARDS EACH OTHER

Answer 2

• the margin between them is called a destructive or convergent plate margin

Question 3

COLLISION PLATE MARGIN OCCURS WHERE

Answer 3

• two plates meet head on and are of equal density and strength

Question 4

2 PLATES SLIDING PAST EACH OTHER

Answer 4

• conservative plate margin

Question 5

CHARACTERISTICS OF VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

Answer 5

• lava flows
• ash
• gas emissions

Question 6

CHARACTERISTICS OF EARTHQUAKES

Answer 6

• centre underground = focus
• shock waves travel outwards from the focus
• damage depends on: depth of focus and type of rock
• movement of ground:
  
  1. vertical
  2. horizontal

Question 7

PRIMARY IMPACTS OF AN EARTHQUAKE

Answer 7

• collapsed buildings and the people killed or injured by falling masonry
• broken water, gas and sewage pipelines
• downed electric power lines

Question 8

SECONDARY IMPACTS OF AN EARTHQUAKE

Answer 8

• tsunamis
• aftershocks
• fires due to ruptures gas mains

Question 9

PRIMARY IMPACTS OF VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

Answer 9

• buildings, rods and crops destroyed by lava flows
• death and injuries resulting directly from the outpourings of lava, ash and gas
• contamination of water supplies by ash falling on them

Question 10

SECONDARY IMPACTS OF VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

Answer 10

• lahards created by mixing of volcanic ash and mud with rainwater or melting snow
• fires started by lava and pyroclastic flows
• the psychological trauma of losing family members and friends

Question 11

VOLCANOES DO OFFER SOME BENEFITS, SUCH AS

Answer 11

• minerals
• fertile soils
• geothermal energy
• tourism

Question 12

SHORT - TERM IMPACTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES

Answer 12

• physical: damage to property
• social: number of people killed or injured
• economic: disruption and destruction of businesses, transport links and services
• environmental: landslides, soil erosion, upset ecosystems, prolonged flooding

Question 13

LONG - TERM IMPACTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES

Answer 13

• costs of repairing the damage
• spread of waterborne disease
• loss of homes and personal possessions
• transport lines being blocked by landslides