Define biomaterials
Natural or synthetic material that interfaces with living or biological tissues
Define biocompatibility
The ability of a material to elicit an appropriate biological response, in a given application, in the body/mouth
Define bioinert
A material that does not elicit any response with the host tissue
Define bioactive
A material that does elicit any response with the host tissue
When is a biomaterial deemed safe?
When the material doesn’t cause any local or systemic adverse reactions
What is a Class I medical device
Temporary removable devices such as mouth-guards
What is a Class IIa medical device
Devices used within tooth cavities such as crowns inlays
What is a Class IIb medical device
Implanted devices such as titanium implants
What is a Class III medical device
High risk category devices such as
- Pacemakers
- Heart valves
Who is at risk when using dental materials?
- The dental practitioner
- The dental nurse
- The dental technician
- The patient
Name the 7 types of adverse reaction
- Toxic reactions
- Irritant contact dermatitis
- Allergic contact dermatitis
- Oral lichenoid reactions
- Anaphylactoid reactions
- Contact urticaria
- Intolerance reactions
Commment on oral cavity hypersensitivity
- Oral cavity rarely shows hypersensitivity response due to its vascular nature
Name the 3 types of irritant contact dermatitis
- Acute toxic reaction
- Cumulative insult dermatitis
- Paresthesia (burning, tingling)
What are the 2 types of Dermatoses
- Irritant
- Allergic
Where does irritative dermatitis occur?
localised and restricted primarily to the area of exposure (contact site)
Define dermatoses
Adverse effect on the skin after contact with chemically active substances
How is allergic dermatitis acquired?
Through contact with low molecular weight substances in materials [haptens]
What happens to the LMWS during allergic dermatitis?
- Links to a carrier protein and develops antigens by contact with dermal proteins
- Next contact produces allergic reaction.
Name some adverse affects of free residual monomers
- Irritation to skin
- Irritation to eyes
- Irritation to mucous membranes
- Allergic dermatitis
- Asthma
What is Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) used for?
- Most commonly used root canal irrigant
What does Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) do? (4)
- Antimicrobial
- Doesn’t wet dentine well
- Depletes organic constituents of dentine
- Dissolves pulpal remnants, collagen, necrotic and vital organic tissue
What is the pH of Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl)?
12-13
What can be a clinical complication of Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl)?
- If introduced into periodical tissue
- Bleeding and swelling possible
What is acute systemic toxicity?
- Non dermatological biohazard
- Associated with repeated dosage
