Mid-ocean ridge
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Rift valley
Great Rift Valley
Young fold mountains at oceanic/continental destructive plate boundaries
Andes
Ocean trench at oceanic/continental destructive plate boundaries
Marianas trench
Island arcs
Mariana Islands
Young fold mountains at continental/continental destructive plate boundaries
Himalayas
Fault
San Andreas fault
Mantle plumes/hot spots
Hawaiian hot spot
Tephra
Eyjafjallajökull, 2010
Nuées ardentes (pyroclastic flows)
Volcan de Fuego, 2018
- 3000 died
Lava flows
Mt Nyiragongo, 2002
Volcanic gases
Mount Pinatubo, 1991
- sulfur dioxide emissions
Lahars
mudflows
Nevada Del Ruiz, 1985
- 2300 dead
Flooding
Grimsvotn, 1996
- glacier
Volcanic landslides
Mount St Helens, 1980
Tsunamis
Krakatoa, 1883
Acid rain
Mount Mayon, 2018