Hazzard Chapter 2

Question 1

What are the possible directions for shoulder dislocation?

Answer 1

Downward into the axilla

Forward beneath the clavicle

Backward upon the scapula

Forward beneath the coracoid process

Question 2

How is a backward dislocation of the radius treated?

Answer 2

Direct pressure is applied to the radius to reduce the dislocation

Question 3

What is significant about an outward dislocation of the radius, and how is it treated?

Answer 3

Often accompanied by rupture of the orbicular ligament

Question 4

What types of elbow dislocations can occur?

Answer 4

Both the radius and ulna, Displaced backward, externally, Internally

Ulna: displaced backward

Radius: displaced forward, backward, or outward

Question 5

What are the types of wrist dislocations and how are they treated?

Answer 5

Radius and ulna may be displaced:

Forward

Backward

Outward

Treatment: Simple traction reduces them

Question 6

Where do carpo-metacarpal dislocations most often occur, and what is the treatment?

Answer 6

Most frequent in the thumb

Treatment: Direct pressure reduces the dislocation

Question 7

How does treatment differ between recent and old dislocations?

Answer 7

Recent dislocations: Use standard reduction techniques as described

Old dislocations:
-Often considered incurable
- Osteopath uses preparatory treatment:
Relax surrounding muscles
Restore circulation
Rebuild tissues

Persistent treatment may restore bone position, especially in hip dislocations

Question 8

Strong flexion of the thigh puts what on tension?

Answer 8

Posterior portions of the gluteal muscles and the gluteal portion of the sciatic nerve.

Question 9

Strong flexion of the foot stretches the?

Answer 9

Calf muscles.

Question 10

The muscles of external rotation of the thigh are stretched by?

Answer 10

Flexion combined with internal circumduction.

Question 11

The extensor muscles of the thigh are stretched by raising the straightened limb to or beyond right angles with the trunk. This may be accomplished with the patient on his back. The limb, still straight, may be supported at right angles while the foot is strongly flexed on the leg. This stretches…?

Answer 11

Sciatic Nerve

Question 12

The muscles of external rotation of the thigh are stretched by flexion combined with internal circumduction… Stretches?

Answer 12

Pyriformis, gemelli, and obturator muscles, and aids in removing irritation from the sciatic nerve.

Question 13

Pressure at the midline of Scarpa’s triangle, about two inches below the middle of Poupart’s ligament, impinges ??

Answer 13

The femoral vessels and the anterior crural nerve.

Question 14

Forced _______ are done in the attempt to …relax all the ligaments of the ankle.

Answer 14

flexion, extension, inversion and eversion

Question 15

In treatment upon the feet one notes the two natural arches

Answer 15

Transverse and the longitudinal.

Question 16

In treatment upon the feet one notes the two natural arches, the ____ and ____ Springing these arches by pressure upon the arch above and traction at the same time upon the ends, aids in ______

Answer 16

Transverse and Longitudinal

Relaxing ligaments and other tissues, reducing bony luxations, removing pressure from nerves and blood-vessels.

Question 17

In treatment upon the feet- The treatment may be made more effective by ?

Answer 17

Springing the arch both ways, i. e.,

• Applying pressure to increase the concavity of the arch, then to lessen it.

Question 18

Where is the Saphenous Opening?

Answer 18

The saphenous opening, an inch and a half below the inner end of Poupart’s ligament,

Question 19

The saphenous opening, an inch and a half below the inner end of Poupart’s ligament, is often in an occluded condition such as?

Answer 19

To seriously impede the flow from the long femoral vein.

Question 20

What type of dislocation cases of the lower limb are commonly seen by Osteopaths?

Answer 20

Old dislocations that have not been successfully treated elsewhere

Question 21

What other condition, besides gross dislocation, is often found in lower limb cases?

Answer 21

Slight luxation or “slip” of a joint, which is often overlooked by other practitioners.

Question 22

The fact that these things (Old dislocations, Slips, lameness, sciatica) are commonly, or at least frequently not discovered by others than osteopaths indicates

Answer 22

The need for Osteopathic Methods

Question 23

As a rule, in all old dislocations and chronic subluxations of this nature, the really important osteopathic work is?

Answer 23

The preparation of the parts for the restoration of normal relations.

Question 24

How may the hip be dislocated?

Answer 24

Up and back onto the dorsum of the ilium

Down and back onto or near the sciatic notch (Thyroid Dislocation)

Forward and up onto the pubic crest.

Question 25

shortening the limb and turning the toes inward- Is associated with what dislocation of the hip?

Answer 25

Up and back onto the dorsum of the ilium

Question 26

shortening the limb, and turning the toes inward.- Is associated with what dislocation of the hip?

Answer 26

Down and back onto or near the sciatic notch

Question 27

Toes points to the ground and rotates inward and or outward.- Is associated with what dislocation of the hip?

Answer 27

Forward and downward onto or near the obturator foramen (thyroid dislocation)

Question 28

"Y" ligament acts as a fulcrum... What is the Y ligament

Answer 28

iliofemoral ligament