What is the common progression of a child’s development?
2 mo smiling & cooing, tracking parents w/ eyes
4 mo reaching out for objects
6 mo transfer toy b/w hands, sit in tripod position
9 mo crawling, pull themselves up to stand
1 yr first steps, start speaking
T/F An example of a genetically programmed sequence is that children use nouns before verbs.
True.
What is neuroplasticity?
to learn new fact or skill need a change in the brain need an area of brain for the new knowledge
the brain is shaped by experience
Brain activity in a newborn is confined to which structures?
subcortical structures
brainstem, cerebellum, thalamus
**cerebral cortex is undeveloped
**develop from bottom up
What are some of the newborn reflexes?
Moro: drop baby, arms go out Root: try to suck Suck: on finger if in mouth Grasp: if put finger near their hand Tonic Neck: fencing position, with one arm out when neck moved Babinski
Why don’t we have these reflexes as adults?
As UMN develop, they suppress these reflexes.
What are the senses that newborns have?
Touch Vestibular Smell Taste Hearing Vision (primitive)
Where does synapse formation happen? When does synapse pruning happen?
Synapse formation: birth-2 years
Synapse Pruning: 2 years-6 years
Why do you need to catch congenital cataracts quickly?
if not detected by 6 mo…permanent vision loss. Won’t have ocular dominance columns for that eye in the occipital lobe.
Genie & Victor show us what?
that children need to learn a language during the critical period or they never will be able to learn much. After you learn one language, you can go on to learn others. Also, Broca’s area of speech underdeveloped.
What are the major developmental domains?
Gross motor
Fine motor
Language
Social-emotional
What is the gross motor milestone for age 2 mo?
lifts head when prone
What is the gross motor milestone for age 4 mo?
lifts head & shoulders when prone
good head control
begins to roll
What is the gross motor milestone for age 6 mo?
rolls well
sits in tripod
What is the gross motor milestone for age 8 mo?
sits well alone
What is the gross motor milestone for age 9-10 mo?
crawls, pulls to stand
What is the gross motor milestone for age 12-15 mo?
walks w/o support
What is the gross motor milestone for age 18 mo?
throws ball overhand
runs
stoops to pick up toy
What is the gross motor milestone for age 24 mo?
kicks ball
jumps
climbs into chair
It is a gross motor red flag to not have done ______ by 4 mo.
no head control
It is a gross motor red flag to not have done ______ by 8 mo.
doesn’t sit alone
It is a gross motor red flag to not have done ______ by 10 mo.
doesn’t crawl
It is a gross motor red flag to not have done ______ by 15 mo.
doesn’t walk
What is toe walking more than 50% of the time after 6 mo of walking a red flag for?
cerebral palsy
