HBM 01

Question 1

HBM is aimed to teach us to:

Answer 1

Respect humanity (our own and our future patients’)

Question 2

Passing HBM grade range:

Answer 2

71-100

Question 3

Homosapiens have highly disorganized camp sites in which years?

Answer 3

100,000 to 75,000 BC

Question 4

Homosapiens had more organized camp sites from which year onward? What depicted this organization?

Answer 4

50,000 BC;

Campsites centrally located, dead buried away from animals

Question 5

The (X) humors of (Y) are:

Answer 5

X = four
Y = Hippocratic Medicine

1. Blood (air)
2. Phlegm (water)
3. Black bile (earth)
4. Yellow bile (fire)

Question 6

In the year (X), the Flexner Report had what impact(s)?

Answer 6

X = 1910

1. National standards for med schools set.
2. Report recommends HS education and at least 2 years pre-med at university.
3. Med school is 4 years in duration.

Question 7

Tuskegee Syphilis study conducted in which year(s)?

Answer 7

1932-1972

Question 8

After Tuskegee Syphilis study, what do studies require to be ethically sound?

Answer 8

1. IRB approval
2. Informed consent
3. Communication of diagnosis
4. Accurate test result reporting

Question 9

The Tuskegee Syphilis study researched (X) in which patient population(s)?

Answer 9

X = Natural progression of untreated syphilis

In rural black men from Alabama

Question 10

(X) was discovered in the year (Y) as effective cure for syphilis.

Answer 10

X = penicillin
Y = 1940s

Question 11

Simple learning includes which method(s)?

Answer 11

Habituation and sensitization

Question 12

Complex learning includes which method(s)?

Answer 12

1. Classical and Operant conditioning

2. Modeling or social learning

Question 13

Classical conditioning is also called:

Answer 13

Learning-by-association

Question 14

Operant conditioning is also called:

Answer 14

Trial-and-Error learning

Question 15

Simple learning is (associative/non-associative) and involves learning by (X).

Answer 15

Non-associative

X = repeated stimulation

Question 16

In habituation, the behavior (increases/decreases) with repeated exposure.

Answer 16

Decreases

Question 17

Needing to increase drugs to higher dose to feel effect is example of:

Answer 17

Sensitization

Question 18

(Classical/operant) conditioning is automatic, requiring no effort.

Answer 18

Classical

Question 19

PTSD is an example of (classical/operant) conditioning.

Answer 19

Classical

Question 20

Give example of single-trial learning.

Answer 20

PTSD

Question 21

Characteristics of classical conditioning:

Answer 21

1. Response acquisition
2. Extinction
3. Spontaneous recovery
4. Stimulus generalization

Question 22

Give example(s) of stimulus generalization.

Answer 22

1. PTSD

2. Dog salivates to buzzer as well as bell

Question 23

Learned helplessness is a form of (classical/operant) conditioning.

Answer 23

Classical

Question 24

Define imprinting, a form of (classical/operant) conditioning.

Answer 24

Classical;

Use of critical periods to allow phase-sensitive learning

Question 25

Decrease in tension after consuming alcohol will (increase/decrease/not affect) behavior. Explain.

Answer 25

Increase; negative reinforcement by relieving tension

Question 26

In operant conditioning, which consequence is most effective for learning?

Answer 26

Positive reinforcement

Question 27

In operant conditioning, which consequence is most effective for motivating adherence to medical treatment?

Answer 27

Negative reinforcement

Question 28

Which schedule of reinforcement promotes fastest learning?

Answer 28

Continuous reinforcement

Question 29

Which schedule of reinforcement is most resistant to extinction?

Answer 29

Variable ratio

Question 30

According to (X), observational learning occurs by (Y) and because (Z).

Answer 30

``` X = Badura Y = interaction with others X = we expect reinforcement ```

Question 31

Steps to modeling or (X) learning.

Answer 31

X = social 1. Attention 2. Retention 3. Production 4. Motivation

Question 32

Missouri compromise was in the year (X) and had what effect on MA?

Answer 32

X = 1821 Maine separated from MA when Missouri entered as slave state

Question 33

What were Beecher's Bibles?

Answer 33

Plymouth Church sent rifles to anti-slavery settlers in Kansas and Nebraska in crates marked "Bibles".

Question 34

The first women's rights convention:

Answer 34

Seneca Falls convention (1848)

Question 35

First National Women's Rights Convention location and date:

Answer 35

Worcester, MA (1850)

Question 36

Who was Samuel Sewall? What was his contribution to BUSM?

Answer 36

Early trustee of New England Female Med College (whose grandfather was Salem with trial judge)

Question 37

Who was Rebecca Lee Crumpler?

Answer 37

First Black female to graduate medical school in US (1864)

Question 38

Who was Solomon Carter Fuller?

Answer 38

First black psychiatrist in US (BUSM 1897)

Question 39

Founder of modern nursing

Answer 39

Florence Nightingale

Question 40

First trained nurse in USA

Answer 40

Linda Richards

Question 41

The czar of penicillin

Answer 41

Dr. Chester Keefer

Question 42

First Native American to graduate from med school in US

Answer 42

Dr. Charles Alexander Eastman (Ohiyesa)

Question 43

Period of modern medicine:

Answer 43

1919-1939 (post-WWI)

Question 44

Which technologies expanded in use during modern medicine period?

Answer 44

1. X-Ray 2. Electron microscopes 3. Insulin use 4. Antibiotics (sulfa and Mercury)

Question 45

(X) served as a government physician and helped promote Boy Scouts of America.

Answer 45

X = Charles Eastman

Question 46

Who started the New England Female Med College?

Answer 46

Samuel Gregory

Question 47

Who was the architect for the Talbot building?

Answer 47

William Ralph Emerson

Question 48

Physician plays videotape of procedure in which patient appears comfortable to another patient who's worried about that procedure. What form of learning is this?

Answer 48

Modeling

Question 49

Document that detailed women's inalienable rights.

Answer 49

Declaration of Sentiments (1848)

Question 50

Who helped start and became leader in Suffragette Movement?

Answer 50

Susan B. Anthony

Question 51

Anna Howard Shaw was:

Answer 51

Active in Suffragette Movement and followed Susan B. Anthony as leader of the organization

Question 52

T/F: Anna Howard Shaw is an alumnus of BUSM.

Answer 52

True

Question 53

T/F: Susan B. Anthony is an alumnus of BUSM.

Answer 53

False

Question 54

(Susan B. Anthony/Anna Shaw) was an early Trustee of New England Female Med College.

Answer 54

Neither

Question 55

William Lloyd Garrison was:

Answer 55

Leader in American Anti-Slavery Society