Head and neck

Question 1

What are the main features of the neck?

Answer 1

1. hyoid bone
2. cricoid cartilage
3. thyroid cartilage
4. lower border of mandible
5. cricothyroid membrane
6. sternocleidomastoid
7. tracheal rings

Question 2

What are the skeletal components of the neck?

Answer 2

1. cervical vertebrae
2. mandible
3. hyoid bone
4. thyroid cartilage
5. cricoid cartilage
6. tracheal rings

Question 3

Which cervical vertebrae are important for attachment and rotation of the skull?

Answer 3

C1 and C2

Question 4

What does C1 do?

Answer 4

articulates with occipital condyles on base of skull to allow nodding motion

Question 5

What is the other name of C1?

Answer 5

atlas

Question 6

What is the other name of C2?

Answer 6

axis

Question 7

How is a shaking head motion acheived?

Answer 7

The atlas articulates with the axis to allow rotation

Question 8

What are the triangles of the neck?

Answer 8

the topographic areas of the neck bounded by the neck muscles

Question 9

What are the two major triangles of the neck?

Answer 9

the anterior triangle and posterior triangle

Question 10

What divides the neck into the anterior and posterior triangles?

Answer 10

The sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 11

Where does the sternocleidomastoid muscle originate?

Answer 11

the upper edge of the sternum and the clavicle

Question 12

What does the sternocledomastoid muscle do?

Answer 12

1. when one side contracts, it tilts the head to the same side and turns the face to the opposite side
2. when R and L contract together they pull the head forwards

Question 13

What CN supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius?

Answer 13

the spinal accessory nerve - CNX1

Question 14

What are the main structures in the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 14

1. suprahyoid muscles
2. infrahyoid muscle
3. carotid sheath

Question 15

What do the suprahyoid muscles do?

Answer 15

1. attach hyoid to mandible
2. imp for moving the hyoid bone in speech and swallowing

Question 16

What does the infrahyoid muscle do?

Answer 16

attaches hyoid bone to sternum, thyroid cartilage, and scapula

Question 17

What does the carotid sheath do?

Answer 17

contains the major arteries to the head and brain

Question 18

What does the carotid sheath surround?

Answer 18

1. common carotid artery
2. internal carotid artery
3. internal jugular vein
4. vagus nerve

Question 19

What are the main structures of the posterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 19

1. external jugular vein
2. spinal accessory nerve
3. clusters of lymph nodes running along the jugular vein

Question 20

Which is the main artery supplying the neck?

Answer 20

external carotid

Question 21

Where does the superior thyroid artery arise from?

Answer 21

the external carotid

Question 22

What does the superior thyroid artery supply?

Answer 22

part of the thyroid gland and part of the larynx

Question 23

Where do the inferior thyroid arteries arise?

Answer 23

branch off the subclavian and travel up to the thyroid

Question 24

What do the internal jugular veins do?

Answer 24

drain venous blood from the brain

Question 25

Where are the internal jugular veins?

Answer 25

Formed at base of skull and run alongside the internal and common carotid arteries

Question 26

What do the external jugular veins do?

Answer 26

drain venous blood from the superficial face and scalp

Question 27

What are the features of the thyroid gland?

Answer 27

1. R and L lobes connected by isthmus 2. starts superiorly at the lateral edge of the thyroid cartilage and ends superiorly at the 4th or 5th tracheal rings 3. very rich blood supply 4. posterior border has parathyroid glands

Question 28

What is a cricothyrotomy?

Answer 28

a procedure to establish an emergency airway

Question 29

How is a cricothyrotomy done?

Answer 29

1. incision made through skin 2. cricothyroid membrane is located 3. small midline incision made in membrane 4. tracheostomy tube inserted

Question 30

What is a tracheostomy?

Answer 30

a surgical operation to keep the airway open where a tube is inserted directly into the trachea

Question 31

What are the points of noticeable surface anatomy of the face?

Answer 31

1. frontal bone 2. orbit 3. nasal bones and cartilages 4. zygomatic bone 5. maxilla 6. mandible

Question 32

How many bones make up the cranium?

Answer 32

22

Question 33

How many bones make up the neurocranium?

Answer 33

8

Question 34

Which bones make up the neurocranium?

Answer 34

1. frontal 2. parietal (2) 3. temporal (2) 4. occipital (1)

Question 35

Which bones make up the viscerocranium?

Answer 35

1. nasal (2) 2. lacrimal (2) 3. inferior nasal concha (2) 4. maxilla (2) 5. mandible 6. palatine (2) 7. zygomatic (2) 8. vomer

Question 36

What are the temperomandibular joints?

Answer 36

1. synovial joints 2. between the condyle of the mandible and articular surfaces of temporal bones 3. all movement in jaw for chewing and speaking

Question 37

What are the superficial muscles of mastication?

Answer 37

masseter and temporalis

Question 38

What are the superior muscles of mastication innervated by?

Answer 38

mandibular branches of CNV trigeminal

Question 39

What is the masseter?

Answer 39

the most powerful muscle of mastication responsible for elevating the mandible

Question 40

What is the temporalis?

Answer 40

Muscle of mastication located on the side of the skull in the temporal region which assists in elevating and retracting the mandible