Head and neck 3

Question 1

What are the contents of the carotid triangle in the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 1

• Common carotid artery
• Vagus(X)
• Internal jugular vein
• Ansa cervicalis (nerve supply from C1-C3)

Question 2

What are the contents of muscular triangle in the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 2

• Strap muscle

- External jugular vein

Question 3

What are the contents of the digastric triangle in the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 3

• Submandibular gland
• Nodes
• Facial vessels and hypoglossal nerve

Question 4

What nerve supplies the digastric muscle?

Answer 4

Facial nerve supplies posterior belly and mylohyoid nerve(branch of trigeminal mandibular division).

Question 5

What are the anterior and posterior triangle of the neck separated by?

Answer 5

Anterior and posterior triangle of the neck are separated by the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 6

What are the layers of the neck?

Answer 6

1. Investing layer
2. A pretracheal component of deep fascia
3. B. Visceral component of deep fascia
4. Prevertebral layer of deep fascia

Question 7

What is suprahyoid?

Answer 7

-Everything above the hyoid

Question 8

What is infrahyoid?

Answer 8

-Everything below the hyoid

Question 9

What is the pneumonic for supra/infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 9

Toss

• Thyrohyoid
• Omohyoid
• Sternohyoid
• Sternothyroid

Question 10

What is the pharynx divided into?

Answer 10

-Divided into naso, oro and laryngopharynx

Question 11

What is the arterial supply of the pharynx?

Answer 11

-Superior thyroid and ascending pharyngeal branches of External common carotid

Question 12

What does the venous plexus drain into?

Answer 12

Venous plexus drains into inferior jugular vein

Question 13

What is the nerve supply of the pharynx?

Answer 13

• Pharyngeal branches of 9 and 10 (sensory and motor)

- Maxillary(V2) sensory for nasopharynx

Question 14

What is the pharynx?

Answer 14

Fibromuscular tube

Question 15

What type of wall is

located posteriorly to the pharynx?

Answer 15

Muscular wall posteriorly

Question 16

What way does the pharynx open into the nasal cavity, oral cavity and larynx?

Answer 16

-Opens anteriorly into nasal cavity, oral cavity and larynx

Question 17

How many continuous parts does the pharynx have?

Answer 17

Three continuous part

Question 18

What does the nasopharynx function in?

Answer 18

Functions in respiration

Question 19

What is the location of the nasopharynx?

Answer 19

-Base of skull(basisphenoid and basiocciput) to tip of uvula(C1-C2)

Question 20

What does the nasopharynx open into and via what?

Answer 20

Opens into nasal cavity via choanae

Question 21

What is the sensory nerve of the nasopharynx?

Answer 21

Sensory:

-Maxillary nerve (CNV2)

Question 22

What are some of the contents of the nasopharynx?

Answer 22

• Pharyngeal tonsils
  
  • Adenoids
• Torus tubaris
  
  • Cartilaginous part of auditory tube
• Opening of eustachian tube

Question 23

What is the function of the oropharynx?

Answer 23

Functions in digestion and respiration

Question 24

What is the location of the oropharynx?

Answer 24

Tip of uvula to tip of epiglottis/hyoid bone

Question 25

What does the oropharynx open to and via what?

Answer 25

Opens to oral cavity via isthmus of fauces

Question 26

What is the sensory nerve of the oropharynx?

Answer 26

-Sensory: glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX).

Question 27

What does the salpingopharyngeal fold overlie?

Answer 27

Overlies salpingopharyngeus m

Question 28

What does the salpingopharyngeal fold elevate?

Answer 28

Elevates pharynx + larynx

Question 29

What does the salpingopharyngeal fold open?

Answer 29

Opens eustachian tube

Question 30

What are the contents of the oropharynx?

Answer 30

- Palatine tonsils - Between the palatoglossus and palatopharyngeal arches - Lingual tonsils - On pharyngeal part of tongue - Valleculae - Mucosal pouch

Question 31

What does the laryngopharynx function in?

Answer 31

Functions in digestion and respiration

Question 32

Where is the laryngopharynx located?

Answer 32

Tip of epiglottis to superior border of cricoid cartilage (C4-C6)

Question 33

What does the laryngeal inlet open into?

Answer 33

Laryngeal inlet opens into anterior wall

Question 34

What does the laryngopharynx continue as?

Answer 34

-Continues as oesophagus

Question 35

What sensory nerve is involved in the laryngopharynx?

Answer 35

Vagus nerve CNX

Question 36

What does the epiglottis protect whilst swallowing?

Answer 36

-Protects airways when swallowing

Question 37

What does the larynx protect?

Answer 37

-Protects airways

Question 38

What is the piriform recess and what can get stuck there?

Answer 38

- Mucosal recess formed between central part of larynx and lateral thyroid cartilage - Food can get stuck here

Question 39

What are the three constrictors of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

Answer 39

Middle, superior and inferior constrictor

Question 40

What does the middle constrictor of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles attach?

Answer 40

- Greater horn of hyoid bone - Lesser horn of hyoid bone - Stylohyoid ligament

Question 41

What does the superior constrictor of the pharyngeal constrictor muscle attach?

Answer 41

- Pterygomandibular raphe - Mandible - Pterygoid hamulus

Question 42

What does the inferior constrictor of the pharyngeal constrictor muscle attach?

Answer 42

- Cricoid cartilage | - Oblique line of thyroid cartilage

Question 43

What is the arterial supply of the upper pharynx?

Answer 43

Supplied by branches from external carotid artery

Question 44

What is the arterial supply of palatine tonsils?

Answer 44

-Supplied by tonsillar branch of facial artery

Question 45

What is the arterial supply of the lower pharynx?

Answer 45

Supplied by inferior thyroid artery branch of thyrocervical trunk

Question 46

What do lymphatic vessels of the pharynx drain into?

Answer 46

Lymphatic vessels drain into deep cervical nodes

Question 47

What node drains palatine nostrils?

Answer 47

Jugulodigastric node drains palatine nostrils