Head and Neck > Headache > Flashcards

Headache Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What are acute causes of headaches?

A

Haemorrhage

  • SAH
  • Subdural

Meningitis

Encephalitis

Acute glaucoma

Increased ICP

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2
Q

What are chronic causes of headaches?

A 
Migraine
Cluster headaches
Drugs 
Tension headache 
Trigeminal neuralgia
Increased ICP
Giant cell arteritis
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3
Q

What is a primary headache?

A

Headache due to the headache condition itself

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4
Q

What are examples of a primary headache?

A

Migraine
Tension
Cluster

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5
Q

What is a secondary headache?

A

Headache that is present due to another condition

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6
Q

What are examples of a secondary headache?

A

Meningitis
Sinusitis
SAH
Medication overuse

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7
Q

What is a pneumonic for red flag symptoms of headaches?

A

SNOOP

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8
Q

What are red flag symptoms of headaches?

A 
Systemic signs 
Neurological symptoms
Onset - new or changed in patient >50 
Onset - thunderclap
Papilledema
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9
Q

What are clinical features of a space occupying lesion?

A

Pain on one side
Gradual onset
Progessive symptoms
Change in vision

Features of raised ICP

  • early morning headache
  • N+V
  • worse on coughing
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10
Q

What is the epidemiology of migraines?

A

F>M

Younger patients

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11
Q

What is the site of a migraine?

A

Unilateral

Often frontal

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12
Q

What is the quality of a migraine?

A

Throbbing/pulsating

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13
Q

What is the intensity of a migraine?

A

Moderate

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14
Q

What is the timing of a migraine?

A

Sudden or progressive onset

Last between 4-72 hours

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15
Q

What makes migraines worse?

A

Light - photophobia

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16
Q

What makes migraines better?

A

Sleep

Pain relief

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17
Q

What are associated symptoms with a migraine?

A

+/- aura
N+V
Photophobia

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18
Q

What can trigger a migraine?

A

Lack of sleep
Stress
Types of food

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19
Q

What is the epidemiology of tension headaches?

A

Most common type of headache
F>M
Young>old

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20
Q

What is the site of a tension headache?

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A

Bilateral

Frontal

21
Q

What is the quality of a tension headache?

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A

Squeezing, non-pulsatile

22
Q

What is the intensity of a tension headache?

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A

Mild-moderate

23
Q

What is the timing of a tension headache?

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A

Worse at the end of the day

24
Q

What can make a tension headache worse?

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A

Stress
Poor posture
Lack of sleep

25
What can make a tension headache better?
OTC pain relief
26
What are associated symptoms with a tension headache?
Mild nausea
27
What is the epidemiology of medication overuse headache?
30-40 years old | F>M
28
How is a medication overuse headache defined?
Headache on at least 15 days per month - not improved by OTC medication
29
What medications can bring on a medication overuse headache?
> 3 months - triptans - opioids - paracetamol - aspirin - NSAIDs
30
How are medication overuse headaches managed?
Discontination of medication
31
How long does it take to resolve a medication overuse headache?
2 months
32
What advice do you give to patients with a medication overuse headache?
Gets worse before it gets better
33
What is the epidemiology of cluster headaches?
M>F | 20-40 years old
34
What the site of a cluster headache?
Around/behind one eye
35
What is the quality of a cluster headache?
Sharp | Penetrating
36
What is the intensity of a cluster headache?
Very severe
37
What is the timing of a cluster headache?
Rapid onset Attacks = 15 mins - 3hours (1-2x day) Clusters last 2-12 weeks
38
What are associated symptoms of a cluster headache?
Red watery eye | Nasal congestion
39
What can trigger a cluster headache?
``` Alcohol Histamine GTN Heat Exercise Lack of sleep ```
40
What is the epidemiology of trigeminal neuralgia?
50-60 years old | F>M
41
What is the main cause of trigeminal neuralgia?
Compression of CNV by loop of artery or vein
42
What is the site of trigeminal neuralgia?
Unilateral | Often over the eye
43
What is the quality of trigeminal neuralgia?
Stabbing Sharp 'Electric shock'
44
What is the intensity of trigeminal neuralgia?
Severe
45
What is the timing of trigeminal neuralgia?
Sudden onset | Lasts few seconds - 2 mins
46
What can make trigeminal neuralgia worse?
Light touch to face Eating Cold wind Vibrations
47
Where can trigeminal neuralgia radiate?
Eyes Lips Nose Scalp
48
What symptoms can precede the pain in trigeminal neuralgia?
Numbness | Tingling
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