Heart

Question 1

Parietal pericardium

Answer 1

forms a smooth shiny
layer on the thick fibrous pericardium facing the
heart, in situ the mediastinal pleura covers the
pericardium facing the pleural cavity

Question 2

Visceral pericardium (epicardium)

Answer 2

closely adherent to the
epicardium and often referred to as part of the
epicardium

Question 3

Endocardium

Answer 3

covers the inside of the heart,
continuous with the lining of the blood vessels

Question 4

Myocardium

Answer 4

thick middle layer of the wall of the heart composed of cardiac muscle

Question 5

Sternopericardial ligament

Answer 5

the portion of parietal pericardium that forms a ligament at the ventral apex of the sac attaching to the sternum, usually associated with a variable amount of fat

Question 6

Cranial vena cava

Question 7

Caudal vena cava

Question 8

Pulmonary trunk

Question 9

Pulmonary veins

Question 10

Aorta

Question 11

Left coronary artery

Answer 11

On ventral side of the heart

Question 12

Paraconal interventricular branch of left coronary artery

Answer 12

The left (paraconal) interventricular branch follows the like-named groove toward the apex of the heart

Question 13

Circumflex branch of left coronary artery

Answer 13

Circumlex branch that follows the coronary groove toward the caudal aspect of the heart, where it may terminate close or go into the right (subsinuosal) interventricular groove

Ruminants and carnivores only:
Subsinuosal interventricular branch
of the left coronary artery

Question 14

Right coronary artery

Answer 14

Equine and porcine only: Subsinuosal
interventricular branch of the right
coronary artery

Question 15

Subsinuosal interventricular branch of right OR left coronary artery (species dependent)

Answer 15

Ruminants and carnivors have it on the left.

Equine and porcine have it on the right coronary artery

Question 16

Great cardiac vein

Answer 16

the principal vein
draining the heart, follows the circumflex
branch of the left coronary artery, it opens
in to the right atrium via the coronary sinus

• paraconal interventricular branch of
  great cardiac vein, follows the
  paraconal groove
• middle cardiac vein, follows the
  subsinuosal groove on the right side

Question 17

Middle Cardiac Vein

Answer 17

middle cardiac vein, follows the
subsinuosal groove on the right side (runs along the subsinuosal interventricular branch of the right or left coronary artery (species dependent if R or L)

Question 18

Right auricle

Answer 18

muscular
pouches extending from the atria, wall
of right auricle is strengthened by
interlacing muscular bands known as
pectinate muscles (also found in the
wall of the atrium)

Question 19

Left auricle

Question 20

Pectinate muscles

Question 21

Fossa ovalis

Answer 21

depressed membranous
area of the septal wall (between right
and left atria), corresponds to the
foramen ovale that was present during
fetal development

Connects atria so blood from placenta goes from right atrium to left atrium, then left ventricle and aorta. This bypasses the lungs

Question 22

Intervenous tubercle

Answer 22

the ridge between the caval openings in the
right atrium that directs the flow of
blood ventrally towards the right
atrioventricular valve

Question 23

Terminal crest

on VIN it is cristal terminalis

Answer 23

the muscular ridge
located between the floor of the
cranial vena cava and the right auricle

Question 24

Coronary sinus

Answer 24

opening for the great
cardiac vein which empties into the
right atrium

Question 25

Right and left azygos veins (vary depending on species)

Answer 25

a right azygos vein, present in the horse, dog and ruminant, enters dorsally by joining the cranial vena cava or by discharging between the caval openings; a left azygos, present in the ruminant and pig, joins the coronary sinus close to its termination after winding around the caudal aspect of the base of the heart from the left side (

Question 26

Chordae tendineae

Answer 26

the band of tissue that attaches the cusps of the valves to the septal wall

Question 27

Papillary muscles

Answer 27

conical muscular projections on the septal wall that receive the chordae tendineae from the valvular cusps

Question 28

Septomarginal band (traveculae septomarginalis)

Answer 28

muscular strand that extends across the lumen of the right ventricle

Question 29

Trabeculae carneae

Answer 29

muscular irregularities on the interior ventricular walls

Question 30

Supraventricular crest

Answer 30

a muscular beam that projects from the roof cranial to the atrioventricular opening that incompletely divides the right ventricle

Question 31

Conus arteriosus

Answer 31

the portion of the right ventricle that leads to the pulmonary trunk

Question 32

Right atrioventricular valve

Answer 32

Tricuspid

Question 33

Left atrioventricular valve

Answer 33

Mitral (bicuspid)

Question 34

Pulmonary valve

Answer 34

the valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk, composed of three cusps

Question 35

Aortic valve

Answer 35

the valve between the left ventricle and aorta, composed of three cusps

Question 36

Ossa cordis (not always present)

Answer 36

Ossifications of the fibrous skeleton that separates the atrial and ventricular parts of the heart muscle