Heart

Question 0

What is the epicardium

Answer 0

visceral layer of serous pericardium

Question 1

What are the layers of the heart

Answer 1

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

Question 2

What is the myocardium

Answer 2

primarily cardiac mm

-forms the bulk of the heart

Question 3

What is the endocardium

Answer 3

Sheet of endothelium lining the chambers of the heart

-covers valves, continuous with endothelium of blood vessels

Question 4

What is the skeleton of the heart

Answer 4

four fibrous connective tissue rings surrounding the four heart valves

Question 5

What are Fibrous Trigones

Answer 5

Thickenings between the aortic semilunar and both atrioventricular rings
-membranous part of interatrial and interventricular septa attach here

Question 6

What is the function of the fibrous trigones

Answer 6

• Keeps AV and semilunar valves patent and from being overly distended by an increased volume of blood
• Provides attachment point for cusps
• separates atrial m from the ventricular m
• Forms ‘electrical insulator between atrial and ventricular cardiac muscle **

Question 7

What is the orientation of the heart

Answer 7

• oriented obliquely behind sternum and medial ends of ribs 3-5
• Apex of heart points left

Question 8

What forms the sternocostal(anterior) surface of the heart

Answer 8

Mostly by right ventricle

Question 9

What forms the diaphragmatic (inferior) surface of the heart

Answer 9

Mostly by the left ventricle

Question 10

What forms the right pulmonary surface

Answer 10

Formed mostly by the right atrium

Question 11

What forms the left pulmonary surface

Answer 11

formed by the left ventricle

Question 12

What forms the base (posterior) surface

Answer 12

mostly by the left atrium where pulmonary vv enter

Question 13

What forms the apex of the heart

Answer 13

The left ventricle

Question 14

What is the anterior interventricular groove

Answer 14

furrow between right and left ventricles on sternocostal surface

Question 15

What is in the anterior interventricular groove

Answer 15

anterior interventricular artery

great cardiac vein

Question 16

What is the atrioventricular groove (coronary sulcus)

Answer 16

Junction between atria and ventricles

Question 17

What is the posterior interventricular groove

Answer 17

furrow between right and left ventricles on the diaphragmatic surface

Question 18

What is contained in the atrioventricular groove

Answer 18

contains right and left coronary aa

coronary sinus

Question 19

What is contained in the posterior interventricular groove

Answer 19

contains posterior interventricular artery

middle cardiac vein

Question 20

What is the right auricle

Answer 20

sometimes called the atrium proper

corresponds to the primordial atrium

Question 21

What is the pectinate muscle

Answer 21

Found in anterior upper wall of atrium and in right auricle

Question 22

What makes the majority of the inner wall of the right atrium smooth posteriorly

Answer 22

sinus venarum

Question 23

What is the crista terminalis

Answer 23

internal ridge of tissue in right atrium separating the pectinate muscle of the atrium from the sinus venarum

Question 24

What does the crista terminalis correspond with

Answer 24

sulcus terminalis

Question 25

What costal level does the SVC open into the sinus venarum

Answer 25

right 3rd costal cartilage

Question 26

What costal levels does the IVC open into the sinus venarum

Answer 26

right 5th costal cartilage

Question 27

Where is the SA nod located

Answer 27

anterolaterally at the the junction of the SVC and right atrium near the superior end of crista terminalis

Question 28

Where is the AV node located

Answer 28

posteroinferior in the interatrial septum near the opening of the coronary sinus

Question 29

Where is the coronary sinus

Answer 29

opens into the sinus venarum just posteromedial to IVC opening

Question 30

What does the coronary sinus do

Answer 30

provides venous return for most cardiac vv

Question 31

What is the fossa ovalis

Answer 31

oval shaped depression found in the interatrial septum | - remnant of the foramen ovale

Question 32

What can a large patency of the fossa ovalis cause

Answer 32

hypertrophy of right atrium and ventricle and pulmonary hypertension

Question 33

What is the right atrioventricular orifice

Answer 33

opening for tricuspid valve

Question 34

Does the right ventricle or the right atrium have a thicker muscular wall

Answer 34

right ventricle

Question 35

Where does the right ventricle receive blood from

Answer 35

right atrium through the tricuspid valve

Question 36

How does blood leave the right ventricle

Answer 36

leaves via conus arteriosus in the superior left part of the ventricle leading to pulmonary semilunar valveat base of pulmonary trunk

Question 37

What is Trabeculae carneae

Answer 37

irregular muscle ridges that line the right ventricle

Question 38

what is the conus arteriosus

Answer 38

funnel shaped smooth area of the ventricle leading to the pulmonary trunk AKA infundibulum

Question 39

What is the supraventricular crest

Answer 39

separates the conus arteriosus from the trabelculae carneae

Question 40

What is the tricuspid valve

Answer 40

Right atrioventricular valve

Question 41

What are the valves of the tricuspid valve labelled as

Answer 41

anterior posterior septal

Question 42

When does the tricuspid valve work

Answer 42

closes with contraction of right ventricle to prevent backflow of blood into right atrium

Question 43

What do the chordae tendinae do

Answer 43

prevent evertion of cusps during ventricular contraction

Question 44

What does the papillary muscle do

Answer 44

start contracting before the ventricle to tense cords

Question 45

What does the septomarginal trabecula contain and what does it do

Answer 45

contains the right AV bundle | Gets papillary muscle contracting before the ventricular contraction

Question 46

What are the two parts of the interventricular septum

Answer 46

Muscular part-thick, strong, inferior major portion of the septum Membranous part- thin, superior minor portion of the septum

Question 47

What is the pulmonary semilunar valve

Answer 47

Between the right and pulmonary trunk | contains 3 concave semilunar shaped cusps

Question 48

What is the lunule

Answer 48

thickened free edge of each cusp of the pulmonary semilunar valve

Question 49

What is the nodule of the pulmonary semilunar valve

Answer 49

central focal thickening in each nodule

Question 50

What is the sinus of the pulmonary semilunar valve

Answer 50

located in the cup-shaped pocket associated with each cusp

Question 51

How does the pulmonary semilunar valve work

Answer 51

sinuses fill with blood and lunules/nodules close together as pulmonary trunk recoils during diastole

Question 52

Where is the left atrium located and what does it do

Answer 52

posteriorly and forms most of the base of the hear | Receives oxygenated venous blood from the pulmonary vv

Question 53

What structure extends anterolaterally to cover the base of the pulmonary trunk

Answer 53

Left Auricle

Question 54

Which auricle is larger, left or right

Answer 54

Right

Question 55

What is the atrioventricular orifice

Answer 55

opening of bicuspid valve to left ventricle | inferior to left atrium