Heart dissection

Question 1

Clamshell surgery

Answer 1

• Penetrating chest/epigastric trauma
• Quick access in emergency
• Greater access to lungs for organ retrieval

Question 2

Kerley B lines

Answer 2

Fluid build up and fibrosis

Question 3

Pericarditis

Answer 3

• Pericarditis: inflammation of pericardium = chest pain in shoulders, neck or back which is less severe when sitting up and more severe when lying down
• Caused by viral infection, TB, heart attack, cancer, chest trauma
• Treatment is NSAIDs

Question 4

Pericardial effusion

Answer 4

• Fluid build up around heart
• Usually related to trauma
• Symptoms = SOB, weakness, lightheadedness, cough

Question 5

Aortic dissection

Answer 5

Aortic dissection: injury to innermost layer of aorta allows blood to flow between layers of the aortic wall, forcing layers apart. This is often associated with a sudden onset of severe chest pain (tearing pain)

Question 6

Aortic sclerosis

Answer 6

Thickening of valve without any significant effect on the function of the valve itself;f

Question 7

RA

Answer 7

• Blood from vena cava

- Fossa ovalis - remnant from embryology

Question 8

Right ventricle

Answer 8

• Tricuspid valve
• Wall is thinner
• Crista terminalis - auricle and atrium meet
• SVC into RA
• Papillary muscle - when contracting, becomes taught to close valve
• Moderator band - allows bundle of his to contract with papillary muscle

Question 9

Right heart dominance

Answer 9

• Tricuspid valve
• Wall is thinner
• Crista terminalis - auricle and atrium meet
• SVC into RA
• Papillary muscle - when contracting, becomes taught to close valve
• Moderator band - allows bundle of his to contract with papillary muscle

Question 10

Widowmaker

Answer 10

LCA blocked

Question 11

Bicuspid

Answer 11

Mitral - LHS

Question 12

How does CAD develop?

Answer 12

Narrowing of arteries - reduced blood supply to myocardium

Atherosclerosis, thrombosis, high BP, diabetes, smoking