Heart Failure

Question 1

What are the symptoms of heart failure?

Answer 1

• dyspnoea
• fatigue
• reduced exercise capacity

Question 2

What are the signs of heart failure?

Answer 2

• oedema
• tachycardia
• raised JVP
• chest crepitations or effusions
• 3rd heart sound
• displaced/abnormal apex beat

Question 3

What investigations would you do heart failure?

Answer 3

• echo
• nadionuclide ventriculography
• MRI
• left ventriculography
• ECG
• LV ejection fraction

Question 4

What are the treatments for heart failure?

Answer 4

Symptoms 
- diuretics 
- digoxin 
- ACEIs/ARBs
Survival 
- ACEIs/ARBs
- beta-blockers 
- ivabradine 
- spironolactone