HEENT 1

Question 1

what is the “floppy” part of the ear called?

Answer 1

auricle

Question 2

another word for the auricle is ?

Answer 2

pinna

Question 3

what are the 3 components of the auricle?

Answer 3

• helix
• lobule
• tragus

Question 4

what is the rim of the auricle called?

Answer 4

helix

Question 5

what is the inferior portion of the auricle?

Answer 5

lobule

Question 6

what is the auditory meatus?

Answer 6

the opening of the external auditory canal

Question 7

what type of glands does the external auditory canal contain?

Answer 7

ceruminous glands

Question 8

what does ceruminous glands do?

Answer 8

“catches” foreign substances, protects teh delicate skin that lines the external auditory canal

Question 9

Cerumen is composed of:

Answer 9

□ anti-microbial proteins
□ saturated fatty acids
□ sloughed keratinocytes

Question 10

what is the border between the external/outer ear and the middle ear?

Answer 10

tympanic membrane

Question 11

what is the cavity of the middle ear?

Answer 11

tympanic cavity

Question 12

what is another name for the auditory tube?

Answer 12

Eustachian tube

Question 13

what are the ossicles?

Answer 13

• malleus
• incus
• stapes

Question 14

what is the other name for malleus

Answer 14

hammer

Question 15

what is the other name for incus

Answer 15

anvil

Question 16

what is the other name for stapes?

Answer 16

stirrup

Question 17

what does the malleus attach to?

Answer 17

tympanic membrane and to the incus

Question 18

what does the tensor tympani do?

Answer 18

“dampens” the movements that are transmitted from the tympanic membrane to the malleus

Question 19

the tensor tympani is innervated by what?

Answer 19

CN V

Question 20

the incus is attach to what?

Answer 20

attaches to the malleus and the stapes

Question 21

what is stapes attach to ?

Answer 21

Attaches to the incus and to the oval window

Question 22

what is the transition point between the middle and inner ear?

Answer 22

oval window

Question 23

what “dampens” the vibrations transmitted from the stapes to the oval window

Answer 23

stapedius

Question 24

what innervates the stapedius?

Answer 24

CN VII

Question 25

what is the snail-like structure in the inner ear called

Answer 25

cochlea

Question 26

what are the main cochlear chambers?

Answer 26

- scala vestibuli - scala tympani - scala media

Question 27

what does scala vestibuli connect to?

Answer 27

oval window

Question 28

what separates the scala media from the scala vestibuli

Answer 28

Reissner's membrane

Question 29

what does scala tympani connect to?

Answer 29

round window

Question 30

what separates the scala media with the scala tympani?

Answer 30

basilar membrane

Question 31

scala vestibuli is filled with what?

Answer 31

perilymph

Question 32

scala tympani is filled with what?

Answer 32

perilymph

Question 33

scala media is filled with what?

Answer 33

endolymph

Question 34

what is the site of transduction for vibration -> action potential

Answer 34

organ of Corti in scala media

Question 35

what secretes K+ into the scala media?

Answer 35

Stria vascularis

Question 36

What starts the hearing process

Answer 36

Sound enters canal Stapes pushes oval window inward Pressure in scala vestibuli drops

Question 37

What happens at the round window when sound comes in

Answer 37

Round window bulges outward Raises pressure in scala tympani

Question 38

What does prestin do

Answer 38

Contracts after depolarization Shrinks outer hair cell in under 100 microseconds Boosts upward motion of basilar membrane

Question 39

Two types of equilibrium are detected by the ear which are:

Answer 39

- static - dynamic

Question 40

what does static equilibrium detect

Answer 40

Detects position of head with respect to pull of gravity when body is not moving Detects linear acceleration/deceleration

Question 41

what does dynamic equilibrium detect

Answer 41

Detects angular movements of the head

Question 42

what does the vestibular system contain?

Answer 42

Each ear contains: ○ three semicircular canals ○ two otolithic organs, the utricle and the saccule

Question 43

The three pairs of canals work in a ?—when one canal is stimulated, its corresponding partner on the other side is inhibited and vice versa

Answer 43

push–pull fashion

Question 44

Each canal has a dilated portion called the ? (near the utricle)

Answer 44

ampulla

Question 45

Each ampulla contains the ?

Answer 45

crista ampullaris

Question 46

what is crista ampullaris

Answer 46

ridge of tissue that is lined on its apical surface by vestibular hair cells

Question 47

Anterior canal detects what?

Answer 47

Detects side tilts

Question 48

posterior canal detects what?

Answer 48

Detects “Yes” nod

Question 49

lateral canal detects what?

Answer 49

detects "No" nod

Question 50

Otolithic organs sense:

Answer 50

static equilibrium linear accelerations and decelerations

Question 51

what is the macula?

Answer 51

plaque-like mound of specialized neurosensory tissue similar to the crista ampullaris

Question 52

the macula consists of three basic components:

Answer 52

neurosensory hair cells, supporting cells, and a gelatinous covering known as the otolithic membrane

Question 53

what are the type of papillae for taste?

Answer 53

○ Fungiform papillae - near the tongue's tip ○ Circumvallate papillae, forming a V-shape on the back of the tongue ○ foliate papillae, located on the posterior edge

Question 54

what in the oral cavity serves as a solvent for tastants, facilitating their dissolution.

Answer 54

saliva

Question 55

What is Otosclerosis

Answer 55

Abnormal bone deposition in the middle ear

Question 56

otosclerosis occurs where?

Answer 56

Occurs around the rim of the oval window where the footplate of the stapes fits