RMT, 2023 > HEMATOLOGY > Flashcards

HEMATOLOGY Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What is the greek word of hematology?

A

-Haima = Blood
-Logos = Study/science

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2
Q

It is the preferred anticoagulant for plt ct. w/c CHELATES CALCIUM

A

EDTA
(Lavender top)

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3
Q

What will happen if the EDTA is INCREASED?

A

(Increased) EDTA = Shrinkage of cells = Hct = ESR (both decreases)

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4
Q

It is where plt adhere to neutrophils

A

Platelet satellitism

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5
Q

What is the ratio ESR tube? (anticoagulant to blood)

A

Ratio = 1:4 (Anticoagulant-to-Blood)

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6
Q

What tube is used for coagulation and platelet studies? ratio? factors it preserve?

A

-Citrate
(Light blue top tube)
-Ratio = 1:9 (Anticoagulant-to-Blood)
-Preserves labile factors V and VIII

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7
Q

What condition does the ff. result mean?

all are INCREASED
-Hct
-Excess Citrate = PT, APTT

Remedy?

A

-Polycythemic patients
-Remedy: Reduce the volume of citrate

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8
Q

It has a Double/balanced oxalate? Ratio?

A

-Oxalate( gray tube)
-Ratio = 2:3

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9
Q

shrink cells

A

Potassium oxalate (Paul-Heller’s)

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10
Q

swell cells

A

Ammonium oxalate (Wintrobe’s)

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11
Q

Anticoagulant for osmotic fragility test w/c inactivates of thrombin

A

Heparin

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12
Q

Why heparin is not used for bld film prep and coagulation?

A

Not for blood film preparation:
= Distorts cells
= Produces bluish background on Romanowsky’s stain
Not for coagulation
= Inhibits thrombin and all stages of coagulation

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13
Q

EDTA containing tubes

A

Lavender
Pink
White
Royal blue
Tan

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14
Q

What are the sites used for skin puncture?

A
  1. Fingertips
  2. Earlobe: less admixture w/ tissue juice, less pain, less free nerve endings
  3. Lateral portion of the plantar surface of the foot: <1 year old
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15
Q

What is the difference of skin puncture to venipuncture?

A

Difference from venous specimen:
(increase) WBCs
(decrease)Hgb, Hct, RBCs, platelet

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16
Q

Common gauge (needle)

A

19, 20, 21
Routine: 20g

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17
Q

Common length of needle

A

1-1.5 inches

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18
Q

Color coded hub (gauge)

A

18 = pink
21 = green
22 = gray
23 = blue/light blue/turquoise

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19
Q

Angle (Veni & BB)

A

Venipuncture: 15 degree
BB: 45 degree
10-20 degree once in the skin

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20
Q

Tourniquet RULES

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A
  • 3-4 inches above the site (7.5-10cm)
  • Not exceed 1min/2mins
21
Q

BP cuff as tourniquet

22
Q

Prolonged tourniquet application result

Study These Flashcards
A

hemoconcentration

23
Q

What will happen or effect of the ff. situations?

-crying
-lying down
-lying up

Study These Flashcards
A

-Crying = (increase) cell count
-Lying down = hemodilution (PCV by 8%, WBC) (both decrease)
-Lying up = hemoconcentration

24
Q

What to do if the px has an IV line?

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A

Collect on the other arm
If both arms: Stop IV for 2mins
= Collect blood below the IV line
= Appropriate for all analytes except glucose and phosphorus

25
Cellular formation, proliferation, differentiation and maturation of blood cells
Hematopoiesis
26
3 phases of Hematopoiesis
- mesoblastic period -hepatic period -myeloid period
27
Occur in the 19th day of gestation Loc? Embryonic hemoglobins:
Mesoblastic period Yolk salk = Erythropoiesis Embryonic hemoglobins: a. Gower 1 = Zeta2 + Epsilon2 b. Portland = Zeta2 + Gamma2 c. Gower 2 = Alpha2 + Epsilon2
28
Occur in the 3rd month of gestation Loc? Produce?
Hepatic period Fetal liver = Granulopoiesis, Erythropoiesis, Megakaryopoiesis Spleen, thymus, lymph nodes Hemoglobin production: a. HbF = Alpha2 + Gamma2 b. HbA1 = Alpha2 + Beta2 c. HbA2 = Alpha2 + Gamma2
29
Between 5th & 6th month of gestation  persist throughout life. loc?
-Myeloid period -BM
30
principal source of hematopoiesis in adults
Sternum
31
1’ source of cell production (Hematopoiesis)
BM
32
Percentage of the ff. in adults? HbA1 = HbA2 = HbF =
HbA1 = ≥95% HbA2 = 1.5-3% HbF = <2%
33
Percentage of the ff. in neonates? HbF = HbA =
HbF = 60-80% HbA = 20-40%
34
What is the M:E ratio? NV: Infection: Leukemia:
NV = 2:1 to 4:1 (Ave. 3:1) Infection = 6:1 Leukemia = 25:1
35
Myeloid Erythroid precursors
Neutrophilic Eosinophilic Basophilic
36
It is NOT included in the Myeloid Erythroid precursors
Monocytic
37
BM Cellularity in adult
Normocellular marrow (Adult): ♫ Fat = 10-50% ♫ Hematopoietic elements = 40-60% (Ave. 50%)
38
What is recommended in a marrow differential?
Recommended that at least 500, preferably 1000 cells be counted for a marrow differential
39
Yellow BM?
Fats
40
Red BM?
Hematopoietic cells
41
Predominant cell (WBC) in adult BM (up to 32%)
Metamyelocyte/Juvenile granulocyte
42
Composed of <1% cells in BM
Stem cells
43
What is the diff. between OSTEOBLASTS & OSTEOCLASTS?
Osteoblasts -Bone forming cells -Confused w/ plasma cells -Waterbug or comet appearance Osteoclasts -Bone destroying cells -Confused w/ megakaryocytes
44
What are the markers included in the ff? -T cells -B cells -Stem cell marker -NK cells -CALLA (Common ALL Antigen)
CD2, CD3 (T cells) CD19, CD20 (B cells) CD34 (Stem cell marker) CD16, CD56 (NK cells) CD10 (CALLA)
45
Produced by the kidney & primary regulator of erythropoiesis
Erythropoietin
46
Produced by kidney and liver & regulator of thrombopoiesis
Thrombopoietin
47
Multi-CSF (Colony Stimulating Factor) & stimulates hematopoietic cells
IL-3
48
Differentiate Immature & mature cell characteristics for Leukocytes
Immature cells - larger - (+) nucleoli - chromatin: fine & delicate - nucleus: large & round - cytoplasm: dark blue/ basophilic (increase RNA) - (-) granules - increase N:C ratio Mature cells - smaller - (-) nucleoli - chromatin: coarse & clumped - nucleus: round lobulated or segremented - cytoplasm: light blue (decrease RNA) - (+) granules - decrease N:C ratio
RMT, 2023
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