Hemodynamics.

Question 1

hemodynamic parameters:

Answer 1

are used to measure the response of the CV system to injury, disease, and therapeutic interventions.

Question 2

catheters and EKGs allow the survey of:

Answer 2

heart rate, ventricular end diastolic volume (preload), ventricular after load, and ventricular contractility (actual pumping force of the ventricles - cardiac output, EF).

Question 3

preload:

Answer 3

blood present to ventricles before contraction.

Question 4

afterload:

Answer 4

force against which ventricles has to pump.