Hemodynamics

Question 1

Causes of edema due to increased hydrostatic pressure

Answer 1

1. In the leg –> DVT
2. In the lungs –> left heart failure
3. Lower body –> right heart failure

Question 2

What is dependent edema?

Answer 2

Edema is worse in legs while standing and worse in sacrum when recumbent

Question 3

What causes a decrease in plasma oncotic pressure?

Answer 3

1. Protein loss through kidneys due to nephrotic syndrome

2. Hepatic cirrhosis causing decreased albumin production and abdominal ascites

Question 4

Stages of hemostasis

Answer 4

Stage 1: Vasoconstriction –> mediated by endothelin; brief response
Stage 2: Platelet adhesion to thrombogenic ECM
Stage 3: Coagulation cascade activated by tissue factor ->Thrombin makes fibrin
Stage 4: Solid semi-permanent plug of aggregated platelets and poly-fibrin formed