Hepatitis D

Question 1

Which infection is hepatitis D always found with

Answer 1

Hepatitis B

Question 2

State the two ways in which HDV can occur

Answer 2

Co-infection with HDV and HB or superinfection when a person with chronic HBV becomes infected with HDV

Question 3

State the form of transmission of HDV

Answer 3

Parenteral infection usually in relation to IDU

Question 4

State the countries in with HDV is endemic

Answer 4

Southern Europe, Middle East, Africa and South America

Question 5

How is HDV diagnosed

Answer 5

IgG, IgM antibody to HDV, HDV-RNA and HDAg

Question 6

How is co-infection diagnosed

Answer 6

Presence of high levels of anti-HBc IgM

Question 7

State the treatment of HDV

Answer 7

Pegylated alpha interferon