Micro/Immuno FINAL > Hepatitis Viruses > Flashcards

Hepatitis Viruses Flashcards

(40 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

what organ do hepatitis viruses target?

A

the liver

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2
Q

where do hepatitis viruses primarily infect and replicate?

A

hepatocytes

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3
Q

what causes the liver damage?

A

virus and host response

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4
Q

what kind of infections do hepatitis viruses cause?

A

acute or chronic

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5
Q

what is the virus family, genome and virion for Hep A?

A
  • picornaviridae
  • (+)ssRNA
  • non-enveloped
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6
Q

what is the virus family, genome and virion for Hep B?

A
  • hepadnaviridae
  • circular dsDNA
  • enveloped
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7
Q

what is the virus family, genome and virion for Hep C?

A
  • flaviviridae
  • (+)ssRNA
  • enveloped
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8
Q

what is the virus family, genome and virion for Hep delta?

A
  • deltaviridae
  • (-)ssRNA
  • enveloped
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9
Q

what is the virus family, genome and virion for Hep E?

A
  • calciviridae
  • (+)ssRNA
  • non-enveloped
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10
Q

**which hepatitis viruses are transmitted by fecal-oral method?

A

HAV, HEV

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11
Q

**which hepatitis viruses are transmitted by sexual method?

A

HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV

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12
Q

**which hepatitis viruses are transmitted horizontally?

A

HBV, HCV, HDV

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13
Q

** which hepatitis viruses are transmitted parenterally?

A

HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV

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14
Q

which to hepatitis viruses are rare in the US

A

HDv & HEV

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15
Q

which hepatitis virus is the most prevalent in the US?

A

hep B then hep A then hep C

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16
Q

**what kind of virus is hep B?

A
  • hepadnaviridae
  • genome: dsDNA, smallest genome of the human viruses
  • virion: enveloped
  • proteins:
    • reverse transcriptase: required to complete DNA
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17
Q

can hep B be grown in cell culture?

18
Q

describe hep B replication

Study These Flashcards
A
  • genome has RNA intermediate
  • cccDNA is template for transcription
  • requires liver specific transcription factors
  • produces many empty particles (HNsAy); present in infected people

*RNA pregenome packaged into capsid–>reverse transcriptase and ccDNA formation –>progeny virus

19
Q

how does hep B spread?

Study These Flashcards
A

sexual and drug use

20
Q

what is the hep B incubation period?

Study These Flashcards
A

30-180 days LONGGG

21
Q

what is the symptom onset for hep B?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • general malaise, anorexia, vomitting, fatigue, cough, serum-like sickness
  • jaundice, elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) levels
22
Q

what is the recovery like for hep B?

Study These Flashcards
A

~3-4 months after onset of jaundice

23
Q

can chronic disease occur with hep B?

Study These Flashcards
A

yes in about 5% of cases

presence of HBsAg in blood for >6mos confirms chronic infection; marked by poor IgG resposne

24
Q

what effect does hep B have on the liver?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • causes cirrhosis
  • incr. risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
    • HBV X gene/protein has tumorigenic potential
    • liver will go through active regeneration so the more it does this the more chance for mutation –> cancer
25
how is hep B prevented?
- vaccination: * available, first recombinant vaccine approved for use in humans * requires multiple inoculations * not effective against chronic infection
26
how is hep B control if chronic?
- interferon-alpha therapy | - nucleoside analogs: adefovir, lamivudine, tenofovir
27
**what kind of virus is hep D?
- subviral agent: * rare in human viruses * only other example is adeno-associated virus (AAV) which requires adenovirus infection - requires active HBV infection******* - RNA genome encodes a single protein
28
what kind of virus is hep C?
- flaviviridae - genome: (+)ssRNA - virion: enveloped - proteins: * E1&E2 attachment and entry * C: core * various non-structural
29
where is the genome replicated?
cytoplasm
30
T/F: in HCV, chronic infections are much more common (80%) than HBV and there are milder signs and symptoms
T
31
HCV is an extrahepatic disease... what is meant by this?
-mixed cryoglobulinemia: antibody and virus complexes deposit in other tissues (eg. kidneys) eliciting an immune response and subsequent tissue damage
32
is there a vaccine for HCV?
no, just interferon-alpha treatment to reduce chances for chronic infection
33
how is hep A spread?
ingestion of fecally contaminated food or water absorbed through intestine and moves to liver via portal system
34
what is the incubation period for hep A?
15-40 days
35
what are symptoms of hep A infection?
- consistent with hepatitis infection: malaise, anorexia, vomiting, jaundice - more severe in adults than in children - resolves approx. 8 weeks post infection
36
how is hep A prevented?
vaccine available- kill/inactivated vaccine
37
what does hep E virus cause?
food-borne and waterborne hepatitis
38
what disease is very similar to HAV?
HEV so must be distinguished by serology
39
can HEV infection be life threatening?
yes for prego women
40
is the prevention for HEV?
nope
Micro/Immuno FINAL
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