USMLE Step I Microbiology > Hepatitis viruses > Flashcards

Hepatitis viruses Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

signs and symptoms of all hepatitis viruses:

A
  • episodes of fever
  • jaundice
  • inc ALT
  • inc ASt
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2
Q

naked hepatitis viruses

A
  • includes HAV and HEV
  • lack an envelope
  • not destroyed by the gut
    • “the vowels hit your bowels”
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3
Q

HBV DNA polymerase

A
  • has DNA and RNA dependent activities
  • upon entry into nucleus, the polymerase completes the partial dsDNA
  • host RNA polymerase transcribes mRNA from viral DNA to make viral proteins
  • the DNA polymerase then reverse transcribes viral RNA to DNA, which is the genome of the progeny virus
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4
Q

HCV hepatitis virus

A
  • lacks 3’-5’ exonuclease activity –> variation in antigenic structures of HCV envelope proteins
  • host antibody production lags behind production of new mutant strains of HCV
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5
Q

HAV–virus family

A
  • RNA picronavirus
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6
Q

HAV–transmission

A
  • fecal-oral
    • shellfish
    • travelers
    • day care
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7
Q

HAV–incubation

A
  • short (weeks)
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8
Q

HAV–clinical course

A
  • Asymptomatic (usually)
  • Acute
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9
Q

HAV–prognosis

A
  • good
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10
Q

HAV–HCC risk

A
  • No
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11
Q

HAV–liver biopsy

A
  • hepatocyte swelling
  • monocyte infiltration
  • councilman bodies
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12
Q

HAV–carrier state

A
  • no carrier state (“Alone”)
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13
Q

HBV–family

A
  • DNA hepadnavirus
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14
Q

HBV–transmission

A
  • parenteral (Blood)
  • sexual (Baby making)
  • perinatal (Birthing)
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15
Q

HBV–incubation

A
  • long (months)
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16
Q

HBV–clinical course

A
  • initially like serum sickness
    • fever
    • arthralgias
    • rash
  • may progress to carcinoma
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17
Q

HBV–prognosis

A
  • most adults have full resolution
    • minority have chronic infection
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18
Q

HBV–HCC risk

A
  • Yes
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19
Q

HBV–liver biopsy

A
  • granular eosinophilic “ground glass” appearance
  • cytotoxic T cells mediate damage
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20
Q

HBV–carrier state

A
  • carrier state is common
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21
Q

HCV–family

A
  • RNA flavivirus
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22
Q

HCV–transmission

A
  • primarily blood
    • IVDU, post transfusion
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23
Q

HCV–incubation

A
  • long
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24
Q

HCV–clinical course

Study These Flashcards
A
  • may progress to Cirrhosis or Carcinoma
25
HCV--prognosis
* majority developstable, **C**hronic hepatitis **C**
26
HCV--HCC risk
* Yes
27
HCV--liver biopsy
* lymphoid aggregates with focal areas of macrovesicular steatosis
28
HCV--carrier state
* carrier state common
29
HDV--family
* RNA deltavirus
30
HDV--transmission
* parenteral * sexual * perinatal
31
HDV--incubation
* superinfection (HDV after HBV) = short * coinfection (HDV with HBV) = long
32
HDV--clinical course
* similar to HBV
33
HDV--prognosis
* superinfection --\> worse prognosis
34
HDV--HCC risk
* yes
35
HDV--liver biopsy
* similar to HBV
36
HDV--notes
* **D**efective virus * **D**epends on HBV
37
HEV--family
* RNA hepevirus
38
HEV--transmission
* fecal-oral * especially waterborne
39
HEV--incubation
* short
40
H**E**V--clinical course
* fulminant hepatitis in **E**xpectant pregnant women
41
HEV--prognosis
* high mortality in pregnant women
42
HEV--HCC risk
* No
43
HEV--liver biopsy
* patchy necrosis
44
H**E**V--notes
* **E**nteric * **E**pidemic * no carrier state
45
Anti-HAV (IgM)--serologic markers
* IgM antibody to HAV * best test to detect acute hepatitis A
46
Anti-HAV (IgG)--serologic markers
* IgG antibody indicates prior HAV infection and/or prior vaccination * protects against reinfection
47
HBsAg--serologic markers
* antigen found on surface of HBV * indicates hepatitis B infection
48
Anti-HBs--serologic markers
* antibody to HBsAg * indicates immunity to hepatitis B
49
HBcAg--serologic markers
* antigen associated with core of HBV
50
Anti-HBc--serologic markers
* antibody to HBc-Ag * IgM = acute/recent infection * IgG = prior exposure or chronic infection * IgM anti HBc may be the sole + marker of infection during window period
51
HBeAg--serologic markers
* secreted by infected hepatocyte into circulation * not part of mature HBV virion * indicates active viral replication and therefore high transmissibility
52
Anti-HBe--serologic markers
* antibody to HBeAg * indicates low transmissibility
53
Acute HBV--which serologic markers?
* HBsAg * HBeAg * Anti HBc IgM
54
Window hepatitis--which serologic markers?
* Anti-HBe * Anti-HBc IgM
55
Chronic HBV (high infectivity)--which serologic markers?
* HBsAg * HBeAg * Anti-HBc IgG
56
Chronic HBV (low infectivity)--which serologic markers?
* HBsAg * Anti-HBe * Anti-HBc IgG
57
Recovery hepatitis--which serologic markers?
* Anti-HBs * Anti-HBe * Anti-HBc IgG
58
immunized against hepatitis--which serologic markers?
* Anti-HBs
USMLE Step I Microbiology
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