Hernia

Question 1

Define hernia

Answer 1

• abnormal protrusion of a cavity’s contents through a weakness in the wall of the cavity

Question 2

What are the causes of hernias?

Answer 2

• anatomical weakness
• collagen disorders
• surgical insicions

Question 3

What are the 3 classifications of all hernias?

Answer 3

• reducible
• ireducible/incarcerated
• strangulated

Question 4

Explain the inguinal canal

Answer 4

• 4cm long

- deep ingiunial ring and superifical ring

Question 5

What is carried in the inguinal canal?

Answer 5

• males –> spermatic cord

- females –> round ligament of the uterus

Question 6

Explain a direct inguinal hernia

Answer 6

• protrusion through a weakness in the muscle

- lies beside ingunial canal

Question 7

Explain an indirect hernia?

Answer 7

• protrusion through the inguinal canal

Question 8

What are the treatment of inguinal hernias?

Answer 8

• surgical

- non-surgical

Question 9

What are the treatment of femoral hernias?

Answer 9

• surgical

Question 10

What makes up the lateral side of Hesselbach triangle

Answer 10

• inferior epigastric artery

Question 11

What makes up the medial side of Hesselbach Triangle?

Answer 11

• lateral border of rectus muscle

Question 12

What makes up the inferior side of Hesselbach triangle?

Answer 12

• inginal ligament

Question 13

What are the 2 main factors involved in the formation of a hernia?

Answer 13

• increased intra-abdominal pressure

- area of structural weakness

Question 14

Which direction does external oblique muscles run?

Answer 14

• hands in pockets

Question 15

Which direction does internal oblique muscles run?

Answer 15

• hands at chest

Question 16

What does the inguinal ligament mark?

Answer 16

• marks the boundary between the abdomen and the thigh

Question 17

What is the inguinal ligament composed of?

Answer 17

• inferior thickening of the external oblique muscle

Question 18

The inguinal canal is a passage between the ____ and the ____

Answer 18

• abdomen and the perineum

Question 19

The testes develop on the _____ the abdominal wall

Answer 19

• posterior

Question 20

Name an anatomical area of innate weakness

Answer 20

• myopectineal orfice

Question 21

Hernia lying medial to the inferior epigastric artery is a ____ hernia

Answer 21

• direct inguinal hernia

Question 22

Hernia lying lateral to the infeerior epigastric artery is a ____ hernia

Answer 22

• indirect inguinal hernia