Hernias

Question 1

Name four types of hernias

Answer 1

inguinal, femoral, incisional, umbilical, spigelian

Question 2

Name three causes of hernias

Answer 2

due to abdominal wall weakness

1. anatomical
2. acquired- surgical wound, stoma
3. straining- cough
4. pregnancy

Question 3

Name three signs/symptoms of hernia

Answer 3

lump- appears on straining
reducible
discomfort 
N/V if obstructed 
severe pain if strangulated

Question 4

How are hernias diagnosed?

Answer 4

hx of lump appearing on straining (lump can disappear at night and when standing upright)
reducible into adbomen (can be irredcuible)
herniogram (CT with contrast)
(+ultrasound)

Question 5

Why is USS conducted in suspected hernia in men?

Answer 5

to exclude hydrocele

Question 6

What are the complications of hernias?

Answer 6

pain, bowel obstruction, bowel ischaemia, inflammation, irreducible

Question 7

Three questions to ask in hernia history

Answer 7

• Reducible?
• Ever episodes of obstruction / strangulation?
• Predisposing factors: cough, straining, lifting?
• Occupation and social circumstances?