HGP

Question 1

What determines genetic information in an organism?

Answer 1

Sequence of bases in DNA

Question 2

Why do individuals differ genetically?

Answer 2

Differences in DNA sequences at certain positions

Question 3

When was the Human Genome Project launched?

Answer 3

1990

Question 4

Why was HGP called a mega project?

Answer 4

Due to massive data size cost and global collaboration

Question 5

When was HGP completed?

Answer 5

2003

Question 6

What is the size of the human genome?

Answer 6

~3 × 10^9 base pairs

Question 7

What was the estimated cost per base pair?

Answer 7

3 dollars per base pair

Question 8

What was the total estimated cost of sequencing?

Answer 8

~9 billion dollars

Question 9

How many books would be needed to store the genome sequence?

Answer 9

~3300 books

Question 10

Which field developed due to HGP data needs?

Answer 10

Bioinformatics

Question 11

How many genes are present in humans?

Answer 11

~20000 to 25000 genes

Question 12

Which major organizations were involved in HGP?

Answer 12

Wellcome Trust and international partners Japan Germany France and China

Question 13

Why is DNA variation important?

Answer 13

Helps in diagnosis treatment and prevention of diseases

Question 14

Why sequence non-human organisms?

Answer 14

To understand biology and applications in healthcare agriculture environment

Question 15

Name some model organisms sequenced

Answer 15

Bacteria yeast Caenorhabditis elegans Drosophila rice Arabidopsis

Question 16

What are the two approaches used in HGP?

Answer 16

EST approach and whole genome sequencing

Question 17

Why is DNA fragmented before sequencing?

Answer 17

DNA is too long and has technical limitations

Question 18

How are DNA fragments amplified?

Answer 18

Cloning in bacteria or yeast

Question 19

What vectors are used in cloning?

Answer 19

BAC and YAC

Question 20

Which method was used for sequencing?

Answer 20

Frederick Sanger method

Question 21

How are sequences arranged?

Answer 21

Based on overlapping regions

Question 22

Why were computers needed in HGP?

Answer 22

Manual alignment is not possible

Question 23

Which chromosome was sequenced last?

Answer 23

Chromosome 1

Question 24

When was chromosome 1 sequencing completed?

Answer 24

May 2006

Question 25

What helps in genetic mapping?

Answer 25

Polymorphisms restriction sites microsatellites

Question 26

What is sequence annotation?

Answer 26

Assigning functions to DNA sequences