crs 102 > higher cortical function > Flashcards

higher cortical function Flashcards

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1
Q

Loc: Precentral Gyrus frontal lobe or Brodmann’s Area 4

A

Primary (somatic) Motor Cortex

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2
Q

allow us to consciously control the precise or skilled voluntary movements of our skeletal muscles.

A

Pyramidal cells

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3
Q

axons to spinal cord

A

The pyramidal tracts, or corticospinal tracts

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4
Q

Somatotopic organization of the brain is the ?

A

motor homunculus or little man

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5
Q

The entire body is represented spatially in the primary motor cortex of each hemisphere

A

motor homunculus / little man

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6
Q

Loc: Anterior of the precentral gyrus or Brodmann’s Area 6

A

Premotor

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7
Q

PLANNING MOVEMENTS

A

Premotor

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8
Q

Controls learned motor skills of a repetitious or patterned nature

A

Premotor

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9
Q

Coordinates the movement of several muscle groups either simultaneously or sequentially
E.G. playing a musical instrument and typing

A

Premotor

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10
Q

Anterior of the inferior of the premotor area; overlaps Brodmann’s Area 44 & 45

A

Broca’s Area

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11
Q

directing the muscles involved in speech production.

A

Broca’s Area

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12
Q

Anterior to the premotor; superior to the broca’s area

A

Frontal Eye Field

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13
Q

voluntary movement of the eyes

A

Frontal Eye Field

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14
Q

Areas concerned with conscious awareness of sensation,

A

SENSORY

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15
Q

occur in the parietal, insular, temporal, and occipital lobes.

A

the sensory areas of the cortex

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16
Q

Loc: Postcentral gyrus parietal lobe or Brodmann’s area 1,2,3

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

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17
Q

Receive information from the general (somatic) sensory receptors in the skin and from proprioceptors (position sense receptors) in skeletal muscles, joints, and tendons.

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

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18
Q

The neurons then identify the body region being stimulated

A

Spatial discrimination

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19
Q

the more amount of sensory cortex to a particular body region the more?

A

sensitivity

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20
Q

the most sensitive body areas which has the largest parts of the somatosensory homunculus.

A

The face (especially the lips)

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21
Q

Loc: Posterior to the postcentral gyrus

A

Somatosensory association cortex

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22
Q

sensory inputs

A

visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, vestibular, proprioceptive, interoception

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23
Q

integrate sensory inputs relayed to it via the primary somatosensory cortex to produce an understanding of an object being felt

A

Somatosensory association cortex

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24
Q

Extreme posterior tip of the occipital lobe [BA17] & Calcarine sulcus (secondary)

A

Visual Area Loc(primary visual ‘striate’ cortex)

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25
Superior margin of the temporal lobe (primary auditory cortex) ; Heschl’s gyrus @ BA 41, 42 ; Wernicke’s area @ BA 22
Auditory Areas
26
medial aspect of the temporal lobe
Olfactory (smell) cortex
27
insula just deep to the temporal lobe
Gustatory (taste) cortex
28
Loc: cortex of the insula just posterior to the gustatory cortex
Visceral sensory area
29
perception of visceral sensations E.G. upset stomach
Visceral sensory area
30
Loc: posterior part of the insula, deep to the temporal lobe
Vestibular (equilibrium) cortex
31
conscious awareness of balance of the position of the head in space
Vestibular (equilibrium) cortex
32
Allows us to give meaning to the information that we receive, store it in memory if needed, tie it to previous experience and knowledge, and decide what action to take
ASSOCIATION AREA (secondary and multimodal/polymodal)
33
Where sensations, thoughts, and emotions become conscious
ASSOCIATION AREA (secondary and multimodal/polymodal)
34
Loc: frontal lobe AA
Anterior association area (prefrontal association area or cortex)
35
Involved with intellect, complex learning abilities (called cognition), recall, ambition, sense of purpose, insight, foresight, and personality
Anterior association area (prefrontal association area or cortex)
36
Contains working memory = abstract ideas, judgment, reasoning, persistence, and planning
Anterior association area (prefrontal association area or cortex)
37
Receives strong input from the parieto-occipitotemporal association area and pre-analyzed sensory information to plan effective movements
Anterior association area (prefrontal association area or cortex)
38
Encompassing parts of the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes
Posterior association area (parieto-occipitotemporal association area)
39
Awareness
Posterior association area (parieto-occipitotemporal association area)
40
Recognizing patterns and faces, localizing us and our surroundings in space, and in binding different sensory inputs into a coherent whole
Posterior association area (parieto-occipitotemporal association area)
41
Attention to an area of space or an area of one’s own body
Posterior association area (parieto-occipitotemporal association area)
42
AA; Involved in understanding written and spoken language.
Posterior association area (parieto-occipitotemporal association area)
43
The somatic, visual, and auditory association areas all meet one another in the ?
Posterior association area (parieto-occipitotemporal association area)
44
AA; Responsible for the function of the brain we call, intelligence
Posterior association area (parieto-occipitotemporal association area)
45
Functional Subareas of Posterior association area (parieto-occipitotemporal association area)
Spatial Coordinates of the Body Language Comprehension Initial Processing of Visual Language (Reading) Naming Objects
46
cingulate gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus, and the hippocampus
Limbic association area
47
provides the emotional impact
Limbic association area
48
establishes memories that allow us to remember an incident.
Limbic association area
49
MOTOR
Primary Motor Cortex Premotor Broca’s Area Frontal Eye Field
50
SENSORY
Primary somatosensory cortex Somatosensory association cortex Visual Area Auditory Areas Olfactory (smell) cortex Gustatory (taste) cortex Visceral sensory area. Vestibular (equilibrium) cortex
51
ASSOCIATION AREA (secondary and multimodal/polymodal)
Anterior association area (prefrontal association area or cortex) Posterior association area (parieto-occipitotemporal association area) Limbic association area
52
There is a division of labor, and each hemisphere has unique abilities not shared by its partner.
LATERALIZATION of Cortical Functioning
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The term cerebral dominance designates the hemisphere that is dominant for language.
Hemispheric specialization
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language abilities, math, and Logic
Right Hemisphere (90%):
55
visual-spatial skills, intuition, Emotion, and artistic and musical skills poetic, creative, insightful side of our nature better at recognizing faces
Left Hemisphere (some of the 10%)
56
disruption of the patterning and execution of learned motor movements.
Apraxia (BA 5, 7):
57
inability to recognize objects by touch
Astereognosia (BA 5, 7):
58
The frontal lobe is responsible for:
1. Emotional regulation 2. Planning 3. Reasoning 4. Problem-solving 5. Motor movement
59
These areas are crucial for planning and executing motor behavior.
Located @ Frontal Lobe
60
Located @ Frontal Lobe
motor, premotor, cingulate motor, supplementary motor areas Frontal eye field
61
*inferior frontal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere (almost always left) Essential for the generation of speech
Broca’s Area (BAs 44, 45)
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*rostral part of the frontal lobe Plays a major role in personality and emotional behavior.
Prefrontal Cortex
63
The parietal lobe is responsible for:
1. sensory information 2. language center 3. Determining spatial context
64
The left lateral corticospinal tract
Originates from the right primary motor cortex
65
The most important structure that determines intelligence
Wernicke’s area
66
Responsible for exciting muscles for speech production
Broca's Area
67
Responsible for judgment, abstract reasoning, and foresight
Prefrontal association area
68
The Wernicke’s area is responsible for
Language comprehension
69
The primary motor areas have connections with
Specific muscles for causing discrete muscle movements.
70
Concerned primarily with behavior, emotions, and motivation
Limbic Association Area
71
Language-based intellectual functions is a function of the
DOMINANT hemisphere
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Understanding and interpreting music is a function of the ________ With damage to the ____________, a person can still have excellent language comprehension through hearing but not through reading.
Wernicke’s area; Angular Gyrus
73
With damage to the Angular Gyrus,
language comprehension through hearing is good but not through reading.
74
Are for higher processing of several information
Association areas
75
Astereognosia is a manifestation of a problem in the
Primary somatosensory cortex
76
Superior & Middle Frontal Gyri (anterior to Precentral Gyrus)
Premotor & Supplementary Motor Areas
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Inferior Frontal Gyrus (Pars Opercularis & Triangularis, usually left hemisphere)
Broca’s Area
78
Anterior Frontal Lobe
Prefrontal Cortex (Medial and Dorsolateral)
79
Orbital Gyri (Interior Surface of the Frontal Lobe) ; Emotional regulation, Decision-making, Social behavior
Orbitofrontal Cortex
80
Superior Parietal Gyrus
Somatosensory Association Area
81
Angular Gyrus & Supramarginal Gyrus (located in the Inferior Parietal Gyrus)
Language-related Areas (Reading, Writing, Arithmetic)
82
@ Middle & Inferior Temporal Gyrus ;
Semantic Memory & Object Recognition
83
Fusiform Gyrus (Occipitotemporal Notch)
Visual Word & Face Recognition
84
Lateral Occipital Sulcus/ Calcarine Sulcus (Cuneus & Lingual Gyrus)
Primary Visual Cortex
85
Calcarine Sulcus
Visual Association Cortex
86
Limbic @ Cingulate Gyrus ; Emotion, Attention, Motivation, Autonomic Regulation
Cingulate Cortex
87
Limbic @ Hippocampus & Parahippocampal Gyrus;
Memory & Navigation
88
Limbic @ Piriform Gyrus; Smell
Olfactory
89
Insular @ Deep Lateral Sulcus; Taste, visceral sensation, Interoception, Risk perception
Insular Cortex
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