Historical Background

Question 1

What are the key features of the Regulating Act (1773)?

Answer 1

1. GOB -> GGB (First GGB: Lord Warren Hastings)
2. SC established at Calcutta (1774): 1 Chief Justice and 3 Judges

Question 2

What are the key features of the Amending Act (1781)?

Answer 2

1. Exempted GG, Council, and Servants of EIC from Jurisdiction of SC
2. SC to administer through Personal Laws

Question 3

What are the key features of the Pitt’s India Act (1784)?

Answer 3

1. Established Double Government
2. COD (Court of Directors) to administer Commercial Affairs
3. BOC (Board of Control
   ) to administer Political Affairs

Question 4

What are the key features of the Act (1786)?

Answer 4

1. Lord Cornwallis to get power to override council’s decision in special cases
2. Lord Cornwallis to be the CIC (Commander - In - Chief)

Question 5

What are the key features of the Charters Act (1793)?

Answer 5

CIC (Commander - In - Chief) not to be member of the Council unless appointed

Question 6

What are the key features of the Charters Act (1813)?

Answer 6

1. Ended EIC trade monopoly, however tea’s and China’s continued
2. Christian missionaries enlightened people

Question 7

What are the key features of the Charters Act (1833)?

Answer 7

1. GGB -> GGI (First GGI: Lord William Bentick)
2. Ended EIC as a commercial body (Now administrative body)
3. Failed attempt to conduct ICS

Question 8

What are the key features of the Charters Act (1853)?

Answer 8

1. Separation of Power between L and E; Introduced 6 L councillors
2. ICS (1854) by Macaulay Committee
3. Represented of 4/6 Indians as L councillors to be appointed by Madras, Bombay, Bengal, Madras

Question 9

What are the key features of the GOI Act (1858)?

Answer 9

1. GGI -> VR (First VR: Lord Canning)
2. Ended dual government (i.e. no BOC and COD)

Question 10

What are the key features of the Indian Councils Act (1861)?

Answer 10

1. Indians in L council - Raja of Benaras, Maharaja of Patiala, Sir Dinkar Rao
2. Decentralization
3. Portfolio System was introduced

Question 11

What are the key features of the Indian Councils Act (1892)?

Answer 11

Power to discuss Budget

Question 12

What are the key features of the Indian Councils Act (1909)?

Answer 12

Morley Minto Reforms
1. Increased L council members from 16 to 60 in Central Legislative Council
2. 1st Indian in E Council: Satyendra Prasad Sinha
3. Separate Electorate for Muslims

Question 13

What are the key features of the GOI Act (1919)?

Answer 13

Montagu Chelmsford Reforms
1. Introduced dyarchy (Reserved and Transferred Subjects)
2. Introduced bicameralism
3. Extended Separate Electorate for Sikhs

Question 14

What are the key features of the GOI Act (1935)?

Answer 14

1. Abolished Dyarchy
2. Extended Separate Electorate for SCs, Women, and Labor
3. Established RBI
4. Established Federal Court