history of GUI
- xerox: research team w/ original idea
- alto(experimental) + star(business) GUI computers created
- apple creates lisa + macintosh for commercial reasons
- microsoft works w/ apple to create applications for GUI models and they fight a legal war
does email come before or after internet
before
history of email
- originally only on mainframes between organisations
- ARPANET(advanced research projects agency network) exists, which slowly evolves into internet
- @ symbol to separate user’s name + computer host
what is a web browser
software for locating, accessing, and displaying web pages
history of web browsers
- first developed at CERN, mainly just for academic interest
- first widely available one: mosaic, then netscape
- microsoft also released a web browser, MSN, but it was unsuccessful compared to netscape
search engines vs web browsers
search engines came before web browsers, in the form of FTP(file transfer protocol) servers
grandfather of search engines
Archie
gopher servers
came after FTPs; containing text-based documents
robots: world wide web wanderer
software which systematically examined and captured URLs from all over web
spiders
first used by Excite
- a program that automatically fetches web page data for inclusion in search engines
metacrawler
after the webcrawler, forwards search queries to other search engines then formats results on one page
search engines timeline
- archie, FTP servers
- text documents on Gopher sites
- robot searching URLs
- directory of URLs, webmasters post sites
- spiders
- yahoo, w/ descriptions of sites
- webcrawler: searching entire text of documents
- metacrawler: queries to other engines
social networking applications
allows creation of public/semi-public profile
- been around since 1990s
who was visicalc invented by
Dan Bricklin + Bob Frankston in 1979
- created on affordable personal computers
legal battles for visicalc
1979: commercial software was a small industry, copyright + patent laws did not cover software sufficiently
- bricklin + frankston got royalties for o.g. product, but not subsequent products derived from visicalc
- visicalc didn’t have a patent, and was copied + modified by most large companies
visicalc ideas
- input, processing, output on one interface
- scrolling ability
- instant recalculation of cells as contents change
- status/formula line
- ability to replicate a range to any other range
- relative + absolute referencing
- formulas w/ minimal keystrokes
- cursor moves to select cells + ranges
presentation software
used for large-scale, business, government, military apps before personal computer
slideshows
allows human presenter to display their notes on a large screen
- similar to traditional slide projector, but much faster
multimedia
1960, ted nelson: documents linked together in a non-linear fashion
1987: Hypercard by apple, authoring tool for creation of multimedia titles
screen recorders/cameras
allows training + support personnel to create animations detailing the functions of their software products
- screen camera records screen changes and is able to play them back
relative vs absolute references
relative references: change when formula is copied to another cell
absolute references: remains constant no matter where they are copied
