History of ANTI-SEMTIESM
33 CE: jEWS WERE BLAMED FOR JESUS CHRISTS DEATH
70 CE: * Romans destroyed Jerusalem after Jews revolted against their rule
330 CE: ROman empire made Christianity as its offical religion and jewish people did not conform
5th Century: * Claimed Jews now Sons of Satan and associated them with everything bad
13th century * Image dating back to 13th century in Germany depicting Jews doing lewd, profane, obscene, sexual acts w/ pigs
1812: Grimm’s Fairy Tales * Wrote stories w/ anti-Semitic messages – Jews untrustworthy, liars, cheap, etc.
Three Forms of Anti Semtiems
- Religious/Racial Anti-Semitism
-Jewish belief in monotheism
-refusal to obey laws or convert
-status as minority group made them appear
Weak
Inferior
-easy target in eyes of majority groups
-classified as “race” instead of religion- Economic Anti-Semitism
prevented from working in many jobs & professions
Only allowed to work money jobs especially usury (moneylending w/ interest) - Political Anti-Semitism
- Jews’ rights often limited or completely restricted in societies
-Prevented from voting, holding offices, having political power - Jews often sided w/ liberal politics,
-seen as cause of issues that contributed to democracy & liberalism – poverty, disease, high crime, prostitution, immorality, etc.
- Jews’ rights often limited or completely restricted in societies
- Economic Anti-Semitism
Rise of Hitler and the Nazi Party
Important “timeline” events
End of WWI
Sept., 1919: Treaty of Versailles
1.Loss of territory
2. Disarmament of military
Maximum 100,000 soldiers
No artillery, subs, tanks, air force
3. War Reparations
Must pay $32 billion in gold or land
4. “War Guilt Clause”
Must accept responsibility for war
punished Germany harshly for WWI
- Sent country into severe debt
* Many Germans blamed this for problems; wanted revenge
Rise of Hitler and the Nazi Party
Important “timeline” events
German economic issues + Great Depression
German Hyperinflation
* Germany’s $ severely devalued due to overprinting to pay off WWI reparations
* 1 American Dollar = 4 TRILLION German Marks
Rise of Hitler and the Nazi Party
Important “timeline” events
Nazi Party
ational Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP, “Nazis”) 1920
*Extreme right-wing political party
* Opposed existence of all other parties
* Favored strong, centralized goverment
Rise of Hitler and the Nazi Party
Important “timeline” event
Beer Hall Putsch
- Hitler led putsch (violent attempt to overthrow government) on gov’t. meeting in Munich beer hall.
Rise of Hitler and the Nazi Party
Important “timeline” event
Mein Kampf
- Outlined beliefs of German superiority, plans for its future.
- Blamed all of Germany’s problems on Jews & Communists.
- Generated Nazi sympathy – Hitler gained more popularity.
Rise of Hitler and the Nazi Party
Important “timeline” event
Nazis elected
- German people tired of gov’t’s. weakness, incompetence, & failure to help people out in time of need – desperate for solutions
- Hitler became increasingly popular in Germany.
Rise of Hitler and the Nazi Party
Important “timeline” event
Reichstag Fire
Reichstag Fire
Germany’s Parliament building burned down.
* Hitler blamed Communists – banned all other political parties.
Rise of Hitler and the Nazi Party
Important “timeline” event
Night of Long Knives
Night of Long Knives
* Nazi leaders convinced Hitler that SA (German Army) leader Ernst Rohm’s power & other political officials threat to his position.
* Eliminated 200 – 1,000 political rivals in single night – killed Rohm.
Rise of Hitler and the Nazi Party
Important “timeline” event
Death of Hindenburg
Death of Hindenburg
Hitler combined his title w/ presidency – now Führer Dictator
* Hitler now had complete & total power in Germany
Rise of Hitler and the Nazi Party
Important “timeline” event
Kristallnacht or Night of broken glass
Broke windows of Jewish stores and homes
* Burned synagogues, destroyed Jewish businesses
* Total: 101 synagogues destroyed, nearly 7,500 Jewish businesses ruined, nearly 30,000 Jews arrested & sent to concentration camps, 91 Jews beaten & killed
* Jews forced to pay for damage
Enabling Act
allowed the Reich government to issue laws without the consent of Germany’s parliament
Nuremberg Laws
Prohibited marriage & relationships between Germans & Jews
Stripped Jews of German citizenship
* Hitler eventually stripped Jews of rights as human beings
Concentration/Extermination Camps
Examples
Buchenwald
Sobibor, Auschwitz
Treatment/what went on in these camps?
Hunger, humiliation, death
Shot, poisoned, gassed
Other types of prison camps
- “Care Centers”
* Pregnant women forced to have abortions, babies killed after birth, sterilization
-Brothels
* Women forced into having sex w/ Nazis
