Holocaust

Question 1

What did nazis believe citizenship

Answer 1

That only Germans could be citizens and non-Germans did not have any right to the rights of citizenship

Question 2

What was the nazi racial philosophy

Answer 2

It taught that some races were untermensh (sub-human). Many nazi scientists at this time believed that people with disabilities or social problems were genetic degenerates whose genes needed to be eliminated from the human bloodline

Question 3

To eliminate these genetic generates what did nazis do

Answer 3

Tried to eliminate Jews
Killed 85% per cent of Germany’s gypsies
Sterilised people of colour
Killed mental,y disabled people
Killed mentally ill patients
Sterilised physically disabled people and people with hereditary diseases
Sterilised deaf people.
Put prostitutes, Jehovah’s witnesses, alcoholics, pacifists, homeless, hooligans and criminals(whoever they regarded as anti-social) were put into concentration camps

Question 4

Key events of 1933

Answer 4

• One day Boycott of Jewish people
• Jewish civil servants, layers and teachers sacked
• Race science lessons to teach that Jews are untermensch

Question 5

Key events of 1935

Answer 5

• ‘Jew not wanted here’ signs put up at public places, e.g. swimming pools, cinemas…
• Nuremberg laws ( 15 September ) , Jews could not be citizens.They were not allowed to vote or marry a German. They had no rights or freedom.

Question 6

Key events of 1938

Answer 6

• Jews could not be doctors
• Jews had to add the name Isreal (man) and Sarah (woman) to their name
  -Jewish children were forbidden to go to school
• Kris tallnacht (9 November) there were attacks on Jewish homes, businesses and synagogues (Jewish church)

Question 7

Key events of 1939

Answer 7

• Jews were forbidden to own a business or own a radio
• Jews were forced to live in ghettos
• Jew were forced to emigrate from Germany

Question 8

Key events of 1941

Answer 8

• Army Einsatzgruppun squads in Russia started mass-shootings of Jews
• All Jews were forced to wear a yellow Star of David

Question 9

Key events of 1942

Answer 9

• Wannsee Conference ( 20th January) decided on the final solution, which was to gas all Europe’s Jews. The main camps were at Auschwitz, Treblinka and sobibor. This became known as the Holocaust ( complete destruction by fire)

Question 10

What is Anti Semitism

Answer 10

This is the terms given to political social and economic agitation against Jews.In simple terms it means ‘hatred of Jews’.

Question 11

What is Aryan race

Answer 11

This was the name of what Hitler believed was the perfect race. Those were people with full German blood, blonde hair and blue eyes.

Question 12

Was Anti Semitism new to Europe?

Answer 12

It was not new,for hundreds of years Christian Europe had regarded the Jews of the Christ killers at one time or another Jews have been driven out of almost every European country. The way they were treated in England in the 13th century of is a typical example.

Question 13

What were examples of 13th century persecution of Jews?

Answer 13

-In 1275, they were made to wear a yellow badge
-in 1287, 269 Jews were hand in the Tower of London

Question 14

What was the prejudice against Jews like in the 20th century?

Answer 14

The prejudice against Jews in the 20th century was strong, especially in Germany, Poland and Eastern Europe where the Jewish population was very large.

Question 15

In what way did prejudice grow after the first world war?

Answer 15

Jews were blamed for the defeat in war.
In the economic depression that followed many Germans were poor and an employed and blamed the Jews with whom were rich and successful.

Question 16

What is a scapegoat

Answer 16

A scapegoat is someone you blame for everything wrong in your life.

Question 17

Between _____ and_____ , ___________________ Jews were murdered

Answer 17

A=1939
B=1945
C= 6 million

Question 18

Who else along side Jews were murdered?

Answer 18

Gypsies
Jehovah’s witnesses
disabled
mentally ill

Question 19

Name examples of the cruelties of concentration camps

Answer 19

People would have been
-beaten
- starved
-worked to death

Question 20

What are death camps

Answer 20

included gas chamber where people wear gassed to death

Question 21

What are some examples of concentration camps

Answer 21

• Gross Rosen
  -Dachau
  -Fiossenburg

Question 22

What are examples of example of death camps

Answer 22

• Auschiwitz
  -Treblinka
  -Sobibor

Question 23

What is the difference between concentration camps and death camps?

Answer 23

In death camps comes the only intention was death through gas chambers whereas concentration camps did not have gas chambers but people would have died from being over worked, starved or worked to death

Question 24

What was the final German solution to the Jewish problem?

Answer 24

At the Wannnsee conference in January 1942 genocide, complete destruction of all Jews, was agreed

Question 25

What happened after death camps like Auschwitz were built?

Answer 25

Jewish people were moved from ghettos all over Europe in cattle trucks to their final destination.

Question 26

What were the conditions like in the cattle trucks?

Answer 26

Inside each truck was inhuman conditions. There was mass overcrowding (50-60 to a car), no light, little or no food, no cleaning facilities and toilets consisted of a bucket. If it was hot people died of dehydration. The cattle trucks smelt of urine and animals.

Question 27

What was the slogan on the gate of every death camp?

Answer 27

‘Work sets you free’

Question 28

What would happen when the prisoners arrived?

Answer 28

They would be stripped of their clothes, given prisoner uniform, their hair would be shaved and a number would be tattooed on their wrist. The tattled number would replace the prisoner’s name whilst they were at the camp

Question 29

What was a morning like at a death camp?

Answer 29

Before dawn prisoners were roused from their dirty overcrowded beds for roll call. If beds were not made properly, punishments would follow. Dressed in rags, inmates could stand for up to 4 hours in the rain and snow. Some of the weaker inmates collapsed and died during roll call.

Question 30

What was one of the better jobs in death camps and what did you do in it

Answer 30

It was called Kanada, where you sorted out prisoners possessions.

Question 31

What did other jobs involved?

Answer 31

Other jobs involved being worked to death carrying segment bags or gathering the dead.

Question 32

How long did the working day last for?

Answer 32

11-12 hours

Question 33

What punishments were there?

Answer 33

- Beatings - All night roll calls - Standing cells

Question 34

What is a standing cell?

Answer 34

A standing cell is a special cell constructed so as prevent prisoners from doing anything but stand

Question 35

What happened after morning roll call

Answer 35

After roll call breakfast rations were handed out. They were barely enough to keep people alive. After breakfast there was another roll call where people were organised into working groups.

Question 36

How long was the working day

Answer 36

It lasted 11-12 hours before inmates were escorted back to camp for evening roll call

Question 37

How many gas chambers were there

Answer 37

5 large gas chambers and crematoria

Question 38

What gas did the chambers use

Answer 38

Zyklon B(crystallised Prussic acid

Question 39

Where did the construction of gas chambers and crematoria begin

Answer 39

Birkenau 1942

Question 40

From what dates were gas chambers in use

Answer 40

Between March 22 1942 and June 25/26 1943

Question 41

Where we gas chambers at crematoria 2 and 3

Answer 41

Like the undressing rooms they were located underground

Question 42

Where were the gas chambers at crematoria 4 and 5

Answer 42

Ground level

Question 43

How many people could be put to death at one time in a gas chamber

Answer 43

About 2 thousand

Question 44

What calculations did zentralbauleitung make

Answer 44

That on June 28th 1943 the crematoria could burn 4416 corpses a day. This meant that the crematoria could burn over 1.6 million corpses a year.

Question 45

What did prisoners assigned to burning state

Answer 45

That the daily capacity of the five crematoria in birkenau was around 8 thousand corpses a day

Question 46

How long did it take to kill people in a gas chamber and how did the nazis know they were day

Answer 46

It took 3-15minutes depending on climatic conditions. They knew they were dead because the screaming stopped.

Question 47

How long I did they wait after gassing

Answer 47

Usually Half-an-hour before they opened the doors and removed the bodies

Question 48

What happened after bodies were removed from the gas chambers

Answer 48

Special commandos (sonderkommandos-made up of partially trusted prisoners)took off the rings and extracted gold teeth of the corpses. The bodies were then burnt

Question 49

How many people died in Auschwitz alone

Answer 49

Over a million people

Question 50

What did the allies do after the war

Answer 50

Set up the Nuremberg trials to prosecute the war criminals involved in the holocaust

Question 51

Dachau

Answer 51

-set up on the 22nd March 1933 -40,000 prisoners died at dachau - April 29th 1945 American forces liberated the camp -was a concentration camp (no gas chambers) -Nazis believed it to be orderly and efficient and it became the model for most concentration camps -inhuman experiments were preformed here

Question 52

Who was Joseph mengele

Answer 52

Ss physician Joseph mengele conducted in inhuman and often deadly medical experiments on prisoners at Auschwitz. became the most notorious of the Nazi doctors who conducted experiments at the camp mengele was nick named the angel of death. He is often remembered for his presence on the selection ramp at Auschwitz

Question 53

How did mengele justify his acts

Answer 53

With the nazi racial theory

Question 54

What happened people who were subject to mengele experiments

Answer 54

At Auschwitz most people died as result of the procedures. sometimes death was the intended outcome

Question 55

What happened mengele after the war

Answer 55

He escaped to South America and evaded justice for for his crimes. He died in Brazil in 1979

Question 56

When were the Nuremberg trials

Answer 56

20th November 1945 to the 1st of October 1946

Question 57

Who set up the nurse,burg trials

Answer 57

Four major allied powers-France,soviet union,uk and USA

Question 58

What were the 3 charges against the Nazis

Answer 58

-crimes against peace -crimes against humanity -war crimes

Question 59

Who were two men on trial

Answer 59

Rudolf Hess Albert Speer