Hormones

Question 1

growth hormone (GH)

Answer 1

• located in the anterior pituitary
• promotes bone and muscle growth primarily in young animals
• target all body cells

Question 2

prolactin

Answer 2

• located in the anterior pituitary
• helps trigger and maintain lactation in stimulated nursing females
• targets female mammary gland

Question 3

thyroid stimulating hormone (TH)

Answer 3

• located in anterior pituitary gland
• thyroid hormone production
• targets the thyroid gland

Question 4

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 4

• located in anterior pituitary gland
• adrenocortical hormone production
• targets adrenal cortex

Question 5

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 5

• located in anterior pituitary gland
• oogenesis in the female; spermatogenesis in the male
• targets female ovaries (follicles); male testis (seminiferous tubules)

Question 6

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 6

• located in anterior pituitary gland
• ovulation and corpus luteum production in females; testosterone production in males
• targets female ovaries (follicle/corpus luteum); male testis (interstitial/leydig cells)

Question 7

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 7

• located posterior pituitary gland
• controls water conservation
• targets the kidneys

Question 8

oxytocin

Answer 8

• located posterior pituitary gland
• stimulates contraction at parturition and milk let down
• targets female uterus and mammary glands

Question 9

thyroid hormone

Answer 9

• located in the thyroid gland
• controls growth and metabilic regulation
• targets all body cells

Question 10

calcitonin

Answer 10

• located in the thyroid gland
• works with parathyroid hormone to prevent hypercalcemia
• targets bones

Question 11

parathyroid hormone

Answer 11

• located in the parathyroid gland
• works with calcitonin to prevent hypercalcemia
• targets kidneys, intestines, bones

Question 12

epinephrine/norepinephrine

Answer 12

• located in the adrenal medulla
• part of the fight or flight response
• targets the whole body

Question 13

insulin

Answer 13

• located in the pancreas
• stimulates movement of glucose into cells and its use for energy
• targets all body cells

Question 14

glucagon

Answer 14

• located in the pancreas
• increases blood glucose
• targets the whole body

Question 15

androgens (male sex hormones)

Answer 15

• located in the testis
• anabolic effect, helps trigger development of male secondary sex characteristics
• targets whole body

Question 16

estrogens (female sex hormones)

Answer 16

• located in the ovaries in females, and the sertoli cells in males
• helps prepare the body for breeding and pregnancy
• targets the whole body

Question 17

progesterone

Answer 17

• located in the corpus luteum
• helps prepare the body for pregnancy and the maintenance of it
• targets the uterus

Question 18

relaxin

Answer 18

• located in the placenta, uterus, or corpus luteum depending on the species
• causes ligaments between the bones surrounding the birth canal to soften and relax
• targets the birth canal

Question 19

erythropoietin

Answer 19

• located in the kidneys
• increases production of red blood cells; the hormones production is stimulated by hypoxia
• targets red bone marrow

Question 20

prostaglandin

Answer 20

• located in the placenta
• causes the corpus luteum to regress; can cause abortion released or injected before birth
• targets the corpus luteum

Question 21

renin (enzyme)

Answer 21

• located in the juxtaglomerular cells within the kidney
• splits angiotensin I from angiotensin
• part of blood pressure regulation

Question 22

hormones produced in the adrenal cortex

Answer 22

under the direction of ACTH from the anterior pituitary gland, the adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoid, mineral corticoid, and sex hormones

Question 23

hormones produced in the adrenal medulla

Answer 23

hormone secreting cells are modified neurons that secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine directly into the bloodstream

Question 24

glucocorticoid hormones

Answer 24

effect blood glucose levels, typically cause them to rise

Question 25

mineral corticoid hormones

Answer 25

regulate the levels of some important electrolytes

Question 26

sex hormones

Answer 26

androgens and estrogens produced by the adrenal gland cortex

Question 27

aldosterone

Answer 27

- located in the adrenal gland cortex - the principle mineral corticoid hormone; it affects the levels of Na, K, and H in the body - targets the kidney