Mechanism of Defence
physical and chemical barriers, non-specific innate responses, and specific adaptive responses.
First Line of defence and examples
- non-specific
- this line of defense is geared at preventing pathogens from breaching our outer layer.
- barriers include: mucus membranes, skin, skin secretions, respiratory mucus and cilia, and digestive system defenses
-ex// skin, tears, mucus, cilia, stomach acid
Second Line of defence and examples
- made up of responses to infection that apply generally to all pathogens
- nonspecific resistance that destroys invaders in a generalized way without targeting specific individuals
- ex// Phagocytic cells ingest and destroy all microbes that pass into body tissues.
Third Line of defence and examples
- provides immunity against specific pathogens.
- when the non specific physical and chemical barriers can’t destroy the pathogens, the specific immune systems is activated to fight off invading organisms.
Antigen
protein found on the surfaces of pathogens that immune system can recognize and produce reciprocal antibodies.
Antibody
a protein made by B lymphoctyes(B cells) that binds to a specific antigen.
T-cell
made from stem-cells that start in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus. they serve various roles like killing infected cells, making weapons against pathodens, or helping b cells.
B-cell
are made from stem cells in the bone marrow. they are mainly responsible for making antibodies.
Active Immunity
when a person’s own cells make the antibodies needed to fight infection.
Passive immunity
given to an individual from outside the body and not made by them.
Humoral Immunity
deals with patgogen outside of cells
Cell mediated immunity
infected internally, this response is necessary.
