Housing

Question 1

Types of tenure

Answer 1

Owner occupied
Private rented
Social rented

Question 2

Owner occupied housing

Answer 2

Most secure
Dominant tenure in Ireland
Favoured by successive govts
Late 20th century Ireland among highest in dev world - Norris
Declined with state retraction of assistance in 2016

Question 3

Private rented tenure

Answer 3

For profit
Determined by ability to pay
Least secure

Question 4

Social renting

Answer 4

From LAs or not for profit
Allocated according to LA scheme
Determined by homelessness, ability to pay etc
AHBs

Question 5

Trends

Answer 5

Social housing dwindled while private rented grew

Question 6

How is activity measured in housing sector

Answer 6

Tenure
Stock- private and rental
Completions - private and social
Residential prices
Rental prices
Housing need

Question 7

Housing stock

Answer 7

Total number of new and existing houses
Fell dramatically 19th century due to famine, emigration
Rose rapidly 1960s
Slowed 1991 onwards
Govt response slow as takes time to build

Question 8

Housing completions

Answer 8

Number of new homes ready for occupancy
Dependent on supply demand
Fell after WW2 and 1980s
Boom in 1990s to bust
Shortfall pits pressure on prices and rents

Question 9

Residential prices

Answer 9

Prices rose in 70s, 80s and 90s
Peaked 2007
Crashed then
Rose 2016 onwards
Shortfall in completions contributed

Question 10

Supply of rental properties

Answer 10

Boom to bust trends
Grew 2007 to 2009 and fell
Lack of availability indicates imbalance between supply/ demand

Question 11

Rental prices

Answer 11

Current high rents show demand exceeding supply

Question 12

Social housing

Answer 12

Disparity between supply and demand
Need accelerated when completions declined

Question 13

4 bodies involved in admin of housing policy

Answer 13

Dept housing
Housing agency
Local authorities
AHBs

Question 14

Dept housing, planning community and LG

Answer 14

Responsible for national policy
Oversight of of financial and tech aspects of LA and private housing
Distributor of capital for state housing
Responsible for legislation

Question 15

Housing agency

Answer 15

Regulator for AHBs
Supports dept AHBs and LAs in delivery of housing

Question 16

Local authorities

Answer 16

Responsible for operation and mgmt of housing policy at local level
Assess housing need
Build manage social housing
Maintain housing lists

Question 17

AHBs

Answer 17

Non profit housing providers
Focus on specific cohorts eg DV

Question 18

Housing instruments - ownership -3

Answer 18

1- state provided mortgages for homeowners 1899-1988
2- state subsidies for homeowners eg help to buy
3-development and sale of housing - large scale dev eg affordable housing

Question 19

Rental instruments -3

Answer 19

Unregulated and unsubsidised until late 20th century
1- rental security -RYB,rent pressure zones
2- tax relief for investors to boost supply
3- tax relief for private renting abolished 2010
4-private rental subsidies RAS, HAP

Question 20

Housing policy evolution - 6

Answer 20

Establishment
Construction
Saturation
Retrenchment
Boom
Bust

Question 21

Pre establishment - pre 1870

Answer 21

Brehon laws 6-9th - clan
Monasteries 16th century
Houses of correction 17th
Workhouses - 18th

Question 22

Establishment 1870-1922

Answer 22

Evolution from crisis mgmt to fixture on policy agenda
LA involvement
Spurred by land wars and urban unrest
Land commission est
Land acts 1881

Question 23

Construction 1920s-1950s

Answer 23

Housing top of new states agenda
State support for ownership
Slums tackled 1930s with housing acts -LAs told landlords to demolish or repair
LA mortgages

Question 24

Saturation 1950s-1970s

Answer 24

Needs satisfied
Switch to private developers
Public expenditure shifted from social to productive investment
Urbanisation meant need but lack of supply increased prices

Question 25

Retrenchment- 1970s-1990s

Answer 25

Cut back in state support Subsidies directed at owner occupied greater than LA and private tenants Govts role as mortgage lender privatised and deregulated Home ownership rise as did grants

Question 26

Boom 1990s-2000s

Answer 26

Celtic tiger -Construction and supply grew, House prices rose. Available credit - debt 3 affordable housing schemes 1- affordable housing scheme 2- part v developers percentage 3- affordable housing initiative - land Social dropped Private rental grew -RTB EST

Question 27

Bust 2000s-2013

Answer 27

Recession, demand for housing fell and prices fell Output declined- negative equity Social housing bottomed out Private rental doubled Homelessness rise by 68%

Question 28

Recovery -2014 onwards

Answer 28

Reduced mortgage arrears Reduction in ghost estates Increased completions Social housing- d exceeding s No increase in rental supply Rents soared Increased homelessness

Question 29

Rebuilding Ireland 2016 - t

Answer 29

Address homelessness Accelerate social housing Build more homes Improve rental supply Utilise existing housing

Question 30

4 other housing policies

Answer 30

Construction 2020 Social housing strategy 2020 Housing for disabilities 2016 Strategy for rental sector 2016

Question 31

Housing support schemes

Answer 31

Rent supplement RAS HAP Mortgage to rent scheme Help to buy initiative First home scheme

Question 32

Rental sector regulation

Answer 32

Residential tenancies act AaRTV