HSB

Question 1

What shapes behaviour? Understanding what gave rise to the behaviour

Answer 1

Neurobiology - Releasing stimuli (trigger) - Acute hormonal exposure - Culture - Chronich hormonal exposure (early developmental) - Perinatal effects - Genetics of the individual - genetics and evolution of the population - of the species
- Ecological something or other along the way -

Question 2

motivation for sex

Answer 2

• it feels good (sensory stimuli and feedback)
• proximal motivating mechanisms:

Question 3

fixed action patterns across vertebrate species

Answer 3

• pelvic thrusting
• orgasms
• ejaculation
• lordosis reflexes
• etc
  Has to be specific to each species to not mess up

Question 4

lordosis reflex

Answer 4

The lordosis reflex is defined as the dorsal flexion of the female rat’s back in response to physical contact (e.g., mounting) from a male rat (Beach, 1976). The lordosis posture facilitates penile penetration and reflects a female’s willingness to receive sexual stimulation from the male (i.e., sexual receptivity)

Question 5

chaining of behaviour

Answer 5

The fixed action pattern of one of the individuals constitutes the releasing stimulus for the other individual

Question 6

Proceptive phase

Answer 6

In biology and sexology, the proceptive phase is the initial period in a relationship when organisms are “courting” each other,[1] prior to the acceptive phase when copulation occurs. Behaviors that occur during the proceptive phase depend very much on the species, but may include visual displays, movements, sounds and odors.

Question 7

libido

Answer 7

Attractivity, Proceptivity, Receptivity
- How attractive an individual is to someone else
- How receptive that individual is to the interest of the other individual
- The active behaviours that are carried out in response to being attracted to

Question 8

female orgasm

Answer 8

• fertility is not dpendent on it
• other species with female orgasms: primate species
• facitilation: something about the vaginal fluid, more vaginal secretion increases sperm motility
• orgasm causes you to be horizontal
• reinforcment theory
• most studies has shown that there is no relationship between the fertility of a woman and her propensity towards orgasm
• spandrel in women (like nipples in men)

Question 9

sexual behaviours that are not unique to humans

Answer 9

• non-reproductive sex: bonobo chimps, cetaceans lik dolphins,
• foreplay: bonobo chimps (more patience)
• homosexuality: more common among animals in captivity
• masturbation: animals in zoo, male primates
• fantasy: bonobo chimps (erection form the sight of a female)
• marriage: there are other monogamous pair-bonding species (all human cultures have it)

Question 10

sexual behaviours that are unique to humans

Answer 10

• privacy
• confusing sexual behaviour with violence
• cheating
• romance (only centuries old)
• passion should persist

Question 11

monogamy among humans

Answer 11

There is social monogamy but not sexual monogamy

Question 12

avrage duration of marriages

Answer 12

• 2-4 years - typical duration of children being dependent on high degree of parenting
• humans are serial monogamists

Question 13

Ventromedial hypothalamus and other parts regulating female sexual behaviour

Answer 13

• Most important area in regulating female sexual behaviour.
• Evidence: lesion studies, stimulation, destroy it - no sexual behaviour
• This is the hotspot of the hypothalamus for receptors for estrogen and testosterone
• midbrain: hormonal aspects of sexual behaviour
• spinal cord

Question 14

regulating sexual behaviour in males

Answer 14

• medial preoptic area: hotspot of the hypothalamus for testosterone and androgene receptors
• ## amygdala: fear, anxiety, agression, sexual motivation - confusing sexuality with agression

Question 15

two types of erections

Answer 15

• muscular: faster
• vascular: lasts longer

Question 16

recovery time for the symphatetic nervous system

Answer 16

• far slower recovery time for females than males