HSSE

Question 1

Ship Registration

Answer 1

Ship registration is the process by which a ship is documented and given the nationality of the country to which it has been documented. The nationality allows a ship to travel internationally as it is proof of ownership of the vessel

Question 2

Flag state

Answer 2

A flag state is required to inspect its registered ships regularly, certify the ship’s equipment and crew, and issue safety and pollution prevention documents

Question 3

Elements of genuine link

Answer 3

1. The ship is owned by an individual or company which is of the same nationality or registered in the flag state;
2. The merchant fleet contributes to the national economy of the country;
3. Revenues and expenditure of shipping, as well as purchases and sales of vessels, are treated in the national balance of payments accounts;
4. The employment of nationals on vessels

Question 4

What are the 2 types of registries?

Answer 4

1. Closed - only allows ships owned by its own nationality
2. Open - opened to foreign shipowners
   a. flags of convenience

Question 5

Characteristics of Closed Registry

Answer 5

1. Comprises ships owned by individuals or companies of same nationality

Question 6

Characteristics of Open Registry

Answer 6

1. Comprises ships owned by individuals or companies of any nationality
2. Often requires foreign shipowner to set up an office in the country with a minimum paid-up capital
3. Often requires foreign shipowner to appoint a commercial and technical manager in the country
   who is in charge of all matters concerning ship registration, crew manning, and safety management

Question 7

Characteristics of Flag of Convenience

Answer 7

1. Comprises ships owned by individuals or companies of any nationality
2. Does not require shipowner to set up office nor appoint a commercial or technical manager
3. Does not adopt and enforce ‘core’ maritime conventions relating to safety, pollution prevention, training standards, and labour regulations

Question 8

What is HSSE?

Answer 8

HSSE management is a discipline that studies and implements practical aspects of environmental protection, health, security and safety at work

Question 9

What are the 4 aspects of HSSE management

Answer 9

1. Health
2. Safety
3. Security
4. Environment

Question 10

Health

Answer 10

Assurance of crew and others’ physical, mental and social well-being in which disease and injuries are absent

Question 11

Safety

Answer 11

Ensure crew are protected from unintended (i.e. unforeseen or unanticipated) accidents that are likely to cause harm

Question 12

Security

Answer 12

Protection of individuals and assets against deliberate threats and criminal activities that can be directed to such entities hence rendering them inactive

Question 13

Environment

Answer 13

Protection of the environment by reducing air, water, land, and noise pollution

Question 14

Actors affecting HSSE (7)

Answer 14

1. Flag state/ship registry
2. Ship owner
3. Ship builder
4. Cargo owner
5. Insurer
6. Ship management company
7. Port administration/port state

Question 15

Flag state / Ship
Registry

Answer 15

Regulates vessel, crew and management standards

Question 16

Ship owner

Answer 16

• Decides whether technical standards of ships will be above minimum requirements
• Selects crew or management company for crew and operation
• Makes decisions regarding HSSE company policies

Question 17

Shipbuilder

Answer 17

Controls technical standards of vessel

Question 18

Cargo owner

Answer 18

• Pays for the transport service and thereby also the safety of the vessel operation
• May undertake independent assessments of the safety of the ship (e.g., Ship Inspection Report
  Programme (SIRE))

Question 19

Insurer

Answer 19

• Takes part of the risk on behalf of the ship owner
• May undertake independent assessment of the ship

Question 20

Ship management company

Answer 20

Responsible for crewing, operation and maintenance of the vessel on behalf of the ship owner

Question 21

Port administration /
Port state

Answer 21

• Responsible for safety in port and harbour approaches
• May control safety standard of vessels, and in
  extreme cases deny access for substandard vessels

Question 22

What are the 2 types of costs?

Answer 22

1. Preventive costs
2. Cost of losses

Question 23

Preventive Costs

Answer 23

• Costs involved in implementing HSSE measures
  > Costs related to developing HSSE measures or programmes
  > Cost of safety equipment and installation
  > Costs related to the inspection and maintenance of safety equipment
  > Ship inspection costs
  > Training costs

Question 24

Cost of Losses

Answer 24

Related to the economic consequences that are
more likely to be avoided because of reduced risks
> Total loss of ship, costs of replacing ship
> Degraded operability/operation causing unscheduled delays
> Loss of future income
> Repair costs / Fines and penalties / Compensation to third parties
> Negative publicity (may be difficult to quantify)

Question 25

Risk

Answer 25

Risk is the probability and severity of the harm occurring

Question 26

Hazard

Answer 26

A hazard is a substance, situation or practice that has the potential to cause harm

Question 27

Probability

Answer 27

Likelihood of the hazard occurring

Question 28

Severity

Answer 28

Amount of damage or harm a hazard could create

Question 29

What are the 4 ways to control an identified risk?

Answer 29

1. Avoid - changing plans to circumvent the occurrence of a risk 2. Mitigate - reducing the probability or severity of a risk 3. Transfer - transfer the risk to a third-party 4. Accept - Retain the risk and deal with it only after it has occurred, applies to minor risk or risk where there is no way to control it

Question 30

Safety culture

Answer 30

collection of the norms and values that employees share in relation to workplace risks

Question 31

What are the 4 ways to develop safety culture?

Answer 31

1. Symbols - words, gestures, pictures or objects that carry a particular meaning 2. Heroes - People who are highly praised and serve as models of behaviour 3. Rituals - Collective activities 4. Values - Attitudes within an organisation that override differing subunit orientations