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HT U2 Flashcards

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1
Q

closely aggregated polyhedral cells adhering strongly to one another and to a thin layer of ECM

A

Epithelial tissues

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2
Q

Principal functions of Epithelial Tissues

A
  • protecting surfaces
  • lines internal closed cavities and body tubes
  • forms secretory portion of glands and ducts
  • absorption
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3
Q

2 classification of Epithelia

A
  1. Shape of cells present - squamous, cuboidal, columnar
  2. Number of cell layers - simple, stratified
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4
Q

T/F The structural integrity of epithelial tissues is maintained by adhesion of epithelial cells to one another as to the structural extracellular matrix.

A

True

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5
Q

5 Epithelial Cell Junctions

A
  1. Tight Junction (Zonula Occludens) : sealer proteins
  2. Adherent Junction (Zonula Adherens) : adheres one cell to another
  3. Desmosome (Macula Adherens) : resist shearing forces
  4. Hemidesmosome - binds cell to basal lamina
  5. Gap Junction (Nexus) - allows direct transfer of small molecules and ions
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6
Q

Barr Body

Definition
Location

A
  • Inactive X chromosome with double alleles
  • WBCs
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7
Q

Stereocilia

Definition
Location

A
  • for absorption
  • Epididymis and Testis
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8
Q

Microvilli

Definition
Location
Disease associated

A
  • extensions that reflect movements, and have actin filaments
  • Small Intestine
  • Celiac disease : loss of microvilli brush border
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9
Q

Cilia

Definition
Location
Disease associated

A
  • long, highly motile structures, larger than microvilli
  • Trachea, Bronchi of Lungs
  • Kartagener Syndrome : immotile cilia
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10
Q

Flagella

Definition
Location

A
  • enables sperm to be motile
  • Sperm Cells
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11
Q

Nissl bodies

Definition
Location

A
  • small structures around the neuron
  • Neurons
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12
Q

Organs lined with Simple Squamous Epithelium

A

Buccal Cells, Tunica Intima, Liver, Alveoli of Lungs, Kidney (Renal Corpuscle), Glomerulus

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13
Q

Organs lined with Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A

Kidney Tubule, Germinal Epithelium of Ovary, Thyroid Gland (Thyroid Follicle)

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14
Q

Organs lined with Simple Columnar Epithelium

A

GI Tract, Small Intestine (Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum), Stomach, Gall Bladder, Oviduct

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15
Q

Organs lined with Stratified Squamous Epithelium (Keratinized)

A

Skin (Epidermis)

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16
Q

Organs lined with Stratified Squamous Epithelium (Non-Keratinized)

A

Vagina, Esophagus

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17
Q

Organs lined with Stratified Cuboidal

A

Sweat Glands, Developing Ovarian Follicles, Sublingual Gland, Parotid Gland, Submaxillary Gland

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18
Q

Organs lined with Stratified Columnar

A

Male Urethra, Conjunctiva

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19
Q

Organs lined with Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium (Ciliated)

A

Trachea, Bronchi of Lungs, Epididymis, Ductus Deferens

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20
Q

Organs lined with Transitional Epithelium

A

Urinary Bladder, Renal Pelvis

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21
Q

Organ which has a binucleated characteristic

A

Liver

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22
Q

Buccal Cells

Lining Epithelium
Morphology
Function

A

E: Simple Squamous
M: Polyhedral, Flat
F: For exchange and lubrication

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23
Q

Human Liver

Lining Epithelium
Morphology
Function

A

E: Simple Squamous
M: Polyhedral
F: Barrier & Absorption

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24
Q

Alveolar Wall of Lungs

Lining Epithelium
Morphology
Function

A

E: Simple Squamous
M: Flat
F: Gas Exchange

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25
Human Artery Lining Epithelium Morphology Function
E: Simple Squamous M: Flat F: Diffusion, Barrier Absorption
26
Renal Corpuscle of Kidney Lining Epithelium Morphology Function
E: Simple Squamous M: Flat F: Absorption
27
Kidney Tubules Lining Epithelium Morphology Function
E: Simple Cuboidal M: Cube-like F : Absorption and Secretion
28
Duodenum Lining Epithelium Morphology Function
E: Simple Columnar; has Brunner's gland M: Column-like F: Absorption
29
Jejunum Lining Epithelium Morphology Function
E: Simple Columnar; has goblet cells M: Column-like F: Absorption
30
Skin (Epidermis) Lining Epithelium Layers Function
E: Keratinized Stratified Squamous SURFACE: Squamous w/ Keratin MIDDLE: Polyhedral BASE: Columnar/Cuboidal F: Protection Against Abrasion
31
Scalp Lining Epithelium Layers Function
E: Keratinized Stratified Squamous SURFACE: Squamous w/ Keratin MIDDLE: Polyhedral BASE: Columnar/Cuboidal F: Protection Against Abrasion
32
Esophagus Lining Epithelium Layers Function
E: Non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous SURFACE: Squamous w/o Keratin MIDDLE: Polyhedral BASE: Columnar/Cuboidal F: Protection Against Abrasion, Lubrication
33
Vagina Lining Epithelium Layers Function
E: Non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous SURFACE: Squamous w/o Keratin MIDDLE: Polyhedral BASE: Columnar/Cuboidal F: Protection Against Abrasion, Lubrication
34
Trachea Lining Epithelium Function
E: Pseudostratified Columnar (Ciliated) F: Mucus Secretion
35
Epididymis Lining Epithelium Function
E: Pseudostratified Columnar w/ Stereocilia F: Stores and transports sperm
36
Urinary Bladder Lining Epithelium Layers Function
E: Transitional Epithelium SURFACE: Umbrella-Shaped MIDDLE: Pyriform BASE: Columnar/Polyhedral F: Distensibility
37
Submaxillary Gland Lining Epithelium Layers Function
E : Stratified Cuboidal L : 2 layers of cuboidal F : Protection
38
Sublingual Gland Lining Epithelium
E: Stratified Cuboidal
39
Male Urethra Lining Epithelium Layers Function
E: Stratified Columnar APICAL : Columnar BASAL : Cuboidal F: Protection
40
Parotid Gland Lining Epithelium
E: Stratified Cuboidal
41
Thyroid Gland Lining Epithelium Function
E: Simple Cuboidal F: Secretion
42
Gall Bladder Lining Epithelium Morphology Function
E: Simple Columnar M: Column-like F: Absorption
43
Ovary Lining Epithelium Function
E: Simple Cuboidal F: produces ovum
44
Difference of Skeletal Muscle and Cardiac Muscle
Cardiac muscles have intercalated disks while skeletal muscles don't
45
5 Types of WBC (from most common to least)
Neutrophil, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Eosinophil, Basophil
46
Submaxillary Gland Lining Epithelium Layers Function
E : Stratified Cuboidal L : 2 layers of cuboidal F : Protection
47
Submaxillary Gland Lining Epithelium Layers Function
E : Stratified Cuboidal L : 2 layers of cuboidal F : Protection
48
Renal Pelvis Lining Epithelium Layers Function
E : Transitional M : Squamous to Cuboidal F : secretes mucus
49
formed by epithelial downgrowths into underlying tissue
Epithelial glands
50
Epithelial glands that remain attached to their epithelial origin and deliver their secretions
Exocrine glands
51
Ductless glands and do not maintain a connection to the outside
Endocrine glands
52
4 Classifications of Epithelial Glands
1. Number and morphology of secretory units 2. Branching of their ducts 3. Type of secretory products that they manufacture 4. Mechanisms of secretions of cell products
53
2 Types of Glands
1. Simple - ducts not branched 2. Compound - ducts with two or more branches
54
2 Secretory Portions of glands
1. Tubular - short or long and coiled 2. Acinar - rounded and saclike
55
Types of Compound glands
1. Multiple Tubular 2. Acinar 3. Tubuloacinar
56
Three Basic Mechanisms of Epithelial Glands
1. Merocrine secretion - secretory cells release secretion 2. Holocrine secretion - Entire secretory unit destroyed in the process of secretion 3. Apocrine secretion - Cytoplasm removed from secretory unit
57
5 Types of Simple Exocrine Glands
1. Simple Tubular - elongated secretory portion 2. Branched Tubular - several long secretory parts = 1 duct 3. Coiled Tubular - secretory portion = very long and coiled 4. Acinar or Alveolar - rounded, saclike secretory portion 5. Branched Acinar - multiple saclike portions = same duct
58
3 Types of Compound Glands
1. Tubular - Secretory units = form large ducts 2. Acinar - Secretory units with small ducts = larger duct 3. Tubuloacinar - Ducts of both tubular and acinar = large duct
59
Examples of Simple Tubular
Mucous glands of colon, Intestinal glands
60
Examples of Branched Tubular
Glands in uterus and stomach
61
Examples of Coiled Tubular
Sweat Glands
62
Examples of Acinar/Alveolar
Small mucous glands along urethra
63
Examples of Branched acinar
Sebaceous glands of skin
64
Examples of Compound Tubular Glands
Submucosal lands in the duodenum
65
Examples of Complex Acinar Glands
Exocrine pancreas
66
Examples of Tubuloacinar
Parotid Gland, Salivary glands
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