Why is it important to learn html?
-A fundamental form of communication that gives you a competitive advantage
-Even if you never do web designing:
+Tweaking online material
+Emails
+Understanding how the web is structured gives you power:
-Scrapping
-Editing
What is HTML (what can it do & not do?)
- Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML)
- HTML: the primary markup language for displaying web pages and other information in a web browser, the tags defined in HTML are simply used to markup, define, how the content should appear and be positioned on the web page
-Not a programming language
+Doesn’t calculate totals
+Doesn’t validate forms
+Doesn’t access databases
Internet
- Global system of interconnected computers and networks
- uses a protocol TCP/IP to establish how data is passed between computers & networks
World Wide Web
Network of interlinked web pages (a.k.a. “hypertext documents”), which exist on computers via internet
Web browsers
Software tools used to read HTML documents and display content
HTML elements
-aka “tags” each with an opening and closing tag required to make text appear
standards
-the internet standards such as TCP/IP are developed and promoted by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
-the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) creates web standards
+includes standards for web design (HTML, CSS, SVG, Ajax, and etc)
+as well as web architecture such as the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), which is the foundation for data communication on the WWW
browsers
- do not have their own standards
- but up to the browser developer to decide how to read and interpret every HTML tag and CSS definition
- this is why some webpages can look slightly or dramatically different in different browsers
- when HTML standards are update, up to the browser creator to decide when to release a new version of their browser that will understand and follow the new HTML standards
Publishing web pages
-once you create a web page, it’s only on your computer. for others to see, you need it on a web server (computer that have special software for making certain folders and files safely available to some or all people over the WWW or company intranet)
- upload pages to the web server, if the web server is yours just copy & paste the files to the production folder (location on the web server’s hard disk where live web requests can be made to view publicly
- usually you intitally develop of alter the web pages in the development folder or site. the development site is not live (not accessible to the public) this allows you to make your mistakes in a place where people won’t see them
file transfer protocol
- protocol similar to HTTP in that it allows the transfer of files over the WWW
- can be accessed via the command line or its own user interface
web-hosting provider
let you rent space on a server, which is shared across one to many websites (more than one website may reside on a single web server – each with its own address)
URL
- Uniform Resource Locator
- refer to as the web address
- the first portion (http) specifies the protocol uses to transfer a copy of the document
- the second portion (www.byu.edu) is the global address, often referred to as the domain name which is assigned to all websites
- the last portion (/index.html) refers to the absolute path to the page you are looking for based from the root of the production folder
default documents
page that is automatically displayed when a folder is requested
EX: if you upload your new index.html page to a web server and assign it the www.myname.name then when a client enters that URL into the address bar, it will display the index.html even though it is not in the address
metadata
information about the web page. none of the content here will directly appear on the body of the web page
nested
meaning that both the opening and closing tag of one element are nested fully inside of the other
EX: title is fully nested in the head
- spacing matters but not for browsers
- nested element must be fully encapsulated by the parent element
attribute
allow you to customize the behavior, position, or appearance of the HTML element it is included within
rules for using attributes
- at least one space between the element name and the attribute name
- all attributes have a name & value
relative reference
-means the browser is looking for the file relative to the file that is linking to it as a result, your browser is looking in the same folder location that your index.html file is currently located
absolute reference
requires you to specify the entire URL of the file you are linking to (EX:http://www.mywebsite.com/resume.html)
link HTML to CSS
