What are the levels in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
- Physiological
- Security
- Belonging
- Self esteem
- Self Actualisation
Characteristics of McGregor’s famous X Theory
- People have an inherent dislike for work and will avoid it whenever possible.
- People must be coerced, controlled, directed, or threatened with punishment in order to get them to achieve the organizational
objectives. - People prefer to be directed, do not want responsibility, and have little or no ambition.
- People seek security above all else.
Characteristics of McGregor’s famous Y Theory
- Work is as natural as play and rest.
- People will exercise self-direction if they are committed to the objectives (they are NOT lazy).
- Commitment to objectives is a function of the rewards associated with their achievement.
- People learn to accept and seek responsibility.
- Creativity, ingenuity, and imagination are widely distributed among the population.
- People have potential.
What are the types of defence mechanisms ?
- Repression
- denial
- compensation
- rationalisation
- fantasy
- projection
- displacement
What is Anxiety?
Anxiety is a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, often about something that is going to happen, typically something with an uncertain outcome.
Normal Reactions to stress are?
Responding automatically, rapidly and exactly.
Abnormal reactions to stress are?
- Extreme over-cooperation, painstaking self-control, inappropriate laughter or singing, and very rapid changes in emotions.
- Mood swings
- Severe anger directed toward the flight instructor, service personnel, and others.
Instructors should when teaching adult students…
- Provide a training syllabus
- Integrate new ideas with what they already know to ensure they keep and use the new information.
- Clarify and articulate all student expectations early on.
- Recognise the student’s need to control pace
- Use a range of teaching methods: books, programmed instruction, and computers
- Set a cooperative learning climate.
What is learning?
A change in the behavior of the learner as a result of experience
What factors affect perception?
- Physical organism
- Goals and values
- Self-concept
- Time and opportunity
- Element of threat
What percentage of learning is sight?
75%
What percentage of learning is hearing?
13%
What is insight?
Insight involves the grouping of perceptions into meaningful wholes
What is understanding?
Understanding, is the ability to notice similarities and make associations between the facts and procedural steps learned.
What is concept learning?
Concept learning is based on the assumption that humans tend to group objects, events, ideas and people that share one or more major attributes that set them apart.
What are Thorndike’s Laws of Learning?
- Readiness
- Effect
- Exercise
- Recency
- Primacy
- Intensity
What is the law of readiness?
The basic needs of the learner must be satisfied before he or she is ready or capable of learning.
What is the law of effect?
The formation of connections and responses to a situation. Responses of satisfaction are strengthened; responses followed by discomfort are weakened.
What is the law of exercise?
Connections are strengthened with practice and weakened when practice is discontinued.
What is the law of recency?
Things most recently learned are best remembered.
What is the law of primacy?
The instructor must teach correctly the first time and the student must learn correctly the first time.
What is the law of intensity?
Immediate, exciting, or dramatic learning connected to a real situation teaches a learner more than a routine or boring experience.
What are the 3 domains of learning?
- Cognitive
- Affective
- Psychomotor
What are the 4 basic levels of learning?
- rote
- understanding
- application
- correlation
