What is a birth rate
The number of births per 1,000’people per year
What is a death rate
The number of deaths per 1,000 per year
What is migration
The movement of people from one place to another
What is emigration
The movement of people out of a country
What is immigration
The movement of people into a country
What is a natural increase
When in the population the birth rate is greater than the death rate
What is natural decrease
When in the population the death rate is greater than the birth rate
What is the population cycle
Also known as the demographic transition model
The changes in the population in the population cycle are influenced by the state of the country and its economy
Stage 1 - high fluctuating
Birth rate; high Death rate; high Natural increase; slow increase Reason for changes; undeveloped economy, wars, famines and disease E.g. Rainforest tribes
Stage 2 - early expanding
Birth rate; remains high Death rate; falls rapidly Natural increase; very rapid increase Reason for changes; better economy, improved medical care, water supply and sanitation E.g. Mali, Kenya, Nigeria
Stage 3 - late expanding
Birth rate; falls quickly Death rate; falls much slower Natural increase; increases but slowly Reason for changes; stronger economy, good health care, people live longer E.g. Venezuela, Brazil, Mexico
Stage 4 - low fluctuating
Birth rate; low Death rate; low Natural increase; very slow Reason for changes; developed economy, later marriage, low birth rate, more women working outside the home E.g. USA, Ireland, Italy, Sweden
Stage 5 - senile stage
Birth rate; very low Death rate; low Natural increase; possible decrease Reason for changes; developed economy, birth rate lower than death rate, population may fall slightly E.g. Germany
How does food affect population change
- good food leads to healthy population
- famine leads to population decline e.g. Ireland 1m died 1m emigrated population
Fell from 8m to 6 1/2 m between 1845-51 - Brazil made new technology to increase the amount of food supply e.g population grew from 72m - 100m
How does health affect population change
- better medical care and supplies
- longer lives
- Ireland improved housing better medical care and new drugs reduced deaths caused by TB from about 147 per 100,000 in the 1940s to 24 per 100,000 people in the late 1950s
- Germany did the same
- Brazil child mortality high in 1980s because of infectious diseases caused by poor sanitary conditions. Improved public health, vaccinations, increased prosperity have reduced the child mortality rate
How does technology affect population change
- improved farm machinery
- new fertilisers and pesticides
How does war affect population change
- 20th century Germany had 2 wars reducing its population greatly the population fell from 67m to 62m
Since young men were killed marriage rate was slower
How does education affect population change
- better school systems
- more skilled workforces
- attracts industry
- encourages migrants to work for both countries
What is the pessimistic view
That there will be a world population explosion and a rapid increase in population using up the earths resources
What is the optimistic view
Population growth will slow down as countries become developed therefore more resources Smaller families Food supply increase New technology intensive and productive farming
What is a census
A population count to get information on the population structure Providing Age Education Sex Religion Accommodation
What are population pyramids
Population pyramid shows the age and sex structure of a country
What are the uses of population pyramids
- Compare the stage of economic development
- compare dependent sector ( under 15 over 65) with working sector (economically active 15-65)
- death,birth rate and natural in/decrease
- plan for building schools and hospitals and nursing homes
- Local population structure to plan for future needs
How to compare pyramids
- Germany a developed countries pyramid would be even
* Brazil a developing countries pyramid would be wide at the base and thin at the top
